Enhanced tuning methods for mitigating RF load impedance variations due to periodic disturbances
A radio frequency (RF) power generation system includes a RF power source that generates a RF output signal delivered to a load. A RF power controller is configured to generate a control signal to vary the RF output signal. The controller adjusts a parameter associated with the RF output signal, and the parameter is controlled in accordance with a trigger signal. The parameter is adjusted over a predetermined number of bins. The parameter is adjusted in accordance with a cost function, and the cost function is determined by introducing a perturbation for each bin into an actuator that affects the cost function. The actuator may control an external RF output signal, and the trigger signal may vary in accordance with the external RF output signal. The perturbation is determined in accordance with a basis set having fewer dimensions than the number of bins.
1. A controller for a radio frequency generator comprising:
a RF power controller coupled to a RF power source, the RF power controller configured to generate a control signal to vary an RF output signal having a plurality of bins from the RF power source, the RF power controller configured to adjust at least one parameter that determines a characteristic of the RF output signal in response to a synchronization signal,
wherein the parameter is perturbed in accordance with a hopping pattern associated with the plurality of bins, and the parameter is adjusted in accordance with one of minimizing or maximizing a cost function responsive to a perturbation of the at least one parameter by the hopping pattern, and
wherein the hopping pattern is adjusted in accordance with a basis set having a plurality of dimensions and a number of dimensions is fewer than a number of bins.
2. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the RF power controller iterates through the dimensions in order to adjust the hopping pattern each iteration.
3. The controller of claim 2 , wherein more than one of the plurality of bins is adjusted during each iteration.
4. The controller of claim 1 , wherein more than one of the plurality of bins is adjusted during each iteration.
5. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the hopping pattern may be adjusted by applying one of an offset or a scaling factor to the hopping pattern.
6. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the perturbation of the at least one parameter for a plurality of the bins determines the hopping pattern.
7. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the basis set is comprised of at least one of a sinusoid, spline, polynomial, exponential, and radial basis function.
8. The controller of claim 1 , wherein a first dimension of the basis set is orthogonal to a second dimension of the basis set.
9. The controller of claim 1 , wherein each bin has a width and the width of a selected bin may be the same as or different than the width of an other bin.
10. The controller of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the dimensions of the basis set is determined in accordance with a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the hopping pattern.
11. The controller of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the dimensions of the basis set is determined from data analytics.
12. The controller of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the dimensions of the basis set is determined in accordance with singular value decomposition (SVD) or principal component analysis (PCA).
13. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the RF power controller adjusts the parameter in accordance with the synchronization signal, wherein the synchronization signal indicates a relative position of an external RF output signal.
14. The controller of claim 1 , wherein:
the parameter is one of a frequency or a frequency offset and includes a plurality of frequencies that the RF power controller introduces to the RF output signal in a predetermined order and timing in accordance with the synchronization signal, or
the parameter is one of a reactance or a reactance offset and includes a plurality of reactances controlled by the RF power controller in a predetermined order and timing in accordance with the synchronization signal, wherein the reactance is at least one of a capacitance or an inductance.
15. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the hopping pattern may be adjusted by applying one of an offset or a scaling factor to the hopping pattern, and the offset is adjusted by perturbing the offset to determine an effect on a cost function, generating a composite gradient in accordance with the cost function, and adjusting the offset in accordance with the one of minimizing or maximizing the cost function.
16. The controller of claim 15 , wherein the scaling factor is adjusted by perturbing a present scaling factor to determine an effect on a cost function, generating a composite gradient in accordance with the cost function, and adjusting the scaling factor in accordance with the one of minimizing or maximizing the cost function.
17. The controller of claim 1 , wherein a scaling factor is adjusted by perturbing a present scaling factor to determine an effect on a cost function, generating a composite gradient in accordance with the cost function, and adjusting the scaling factor in accordance with the one of minimizing or maximizing the cost function, and adjusting the hopping pattern by applying the scaling factor to the hopping pattern.
18. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising:
controlling a first power source to output a first output signal having a plurality of bins to a load; and
generating a control signal to vary the first output signal from the power source to adjust at least one parameter that determines a characteristic of the first output signal in response to a synchronization signal,
wherein the parameter is perturbed in accordance with a hopping pattern associated with the plurality of bins, and the parameter is adjusted in accordance with one of minimizing or maximizing a cost function responsive to a perturbation of the at least one parameter by the hopping pattern,
wherein the hopping pattern may be adjusted by applying one of an offset or a scaling factor to the hopping pattern, or
wherein the hopping pattern is adjusted in accordance with a basis set having a plurality of dimensions and a number of dimensions is equal to or fewer than a number of bins.
19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , the instructions comprising iterating through the dimensions in order to adjust the hopping pattern each iteration.
20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19 , wherein more than one of the plurality of bins is adjusted during each iteration.
21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , wherein more than one of the plurality of bins is adjusted during each iteration.
22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , wherein the perturbation of the at least one parameter for a plurality of the bins determines the hopping pattern.
23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 21 , wherein the basis set is comprised of basis functions including at least one of a sinusoid, spline, polynomial, exponential, and radial basis function.
24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , wherein each bin has a width and the width of a selected bin may be the same as or different than the width of an other bin.
25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , the instructions comprising determining a plurality of the dimensions of the basis set in accordance with a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the hopping pattern.
26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , the instructions comprising determining a plurality of the dimensions of the basis set using data analytics.
27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , the instructions comprising determining a plurality of the dimensions of the basis set in accordance with singular value decomposition (SVD) or principal component analysis (PCA).
28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , the instructions comprising adjusting the parameter in accordance with the synchronization signal, wherein the synchronization signal indicates a relative position of an external output signal.
29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , wherein:
the parameter is one of a frequency or a frequency offset and includes a plurality of frequencies introduced to the output signal in a predetermined order and timing in accordance with the synchronization signal, or
the parameter is one of a reactance or a reactance offset and includes a plurality of reactances introduced in a predetermined order and timing in accordance with the synchronization signal, wherein the reactance is at least one of a capacitance or an inductance.
30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , the instructions comprising adjusting the hopping pattern by applying one of an offset or a scaling factor to the hopping pattern, and the offset is adjusted by perturbing the offset to determine an effect on a cost function, generating a composite gradient in accordance with the cost function, and adjusting the respective basis set in accordance with the one of minimizing or maximizing the cost function.
31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , the instructions comprising adjusting the scaling factor by perturbing a present scaling factor to determine an effect on a cost function, generating a composite gradient in accordance with the cost function, and adjusting the scaling factor in accordance with the one of minimizing or maximizing the cost function.
32. A power generator system comprising:
a power source, the power source generating an output signal having a variable amplitude and frequency and a plurality of bins; and
a power controller coupled to the power source, the power controller configured to generate a control signal to vary the output signal, the power controller configured to adjust at least one parameter that determines a characteristic of the output signal in response to a synchronization signal,
wherein the parameter is perturbed in accordance with a hopping pattern associated with the plurality of bins, and the parameter is adjusted in accordance with one of minimizing or maximizing a cost function responsive to perturbation of the at least one parameter by the hopping pattern, and
wherein the hopping pattern is adjusted in accordance with a basis set having a plurality of dimensions and a number of dimensions is fewer than a number of bins.
33. The power generator system of claim 32 , wherein the power controller iterates through the dimensions in order to adjust the hopping pattern each iteration.
34. The power generator system of claim 33 , wherein more than one of the plurality of bins is adjusted during each iteration.
35. The power generator system of claim 32 , wherein more than one of the plurality of bins is adjusted during each iteration.
36. The power generator system of claim 32 , wherein the basis set is comprised of basis functions including at least one of a sinusoid, spline, polynomial, exponential, and radial basis function.
37. The power generator system of claim 32 , wherein a first dimension of the basis set is orthogonal to a second dimension of the basis set.
38. The power generator system of claim 33 , wherein a plurality of the dimensions of the basis set is determined in accordance with a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the hopping pattern.
39. The power generator system of claim 32 , wherein a plurality of the dimensions of the basis set is determined from data analytics.
40. The power generator system of claim 32 , wherein a plurality of the dimensions of the basis set is determined in accordance with singular value decomposition (SVD) or principal component analysis (PCA).
41. The power generator system of claim 32 , wherein the power controller adjusts the parameter in accordance with the synchronization signal, wherein the synchronization signal indicates a relative position of an external output signal.