Stator for an electric machine, mold for producing a stator, method for producing a stator and electric machine for a vehicle
Stator for an electric machine includes a stator core which has an axial end side, and a a plurality of shaped conductors which protrude from the stator core at the end side and which each have, at the end side, at least one end portion having a free end of the shaped conductor. Arrangements of at least two of the end portions are connected to one another in an electrically conductive and mechanical manner in such a way that each arrangement forms a connecting portion which has a first cross-sectional area that lies in a predefined cross-sectional plane and that has corner portions and side portions lying between the corner portions. A plurality of insulation elements each envelop at least one of the connecting portions and are each formed from an electrically insulating material.
1. A stator for an electric machine, comprising:
a stator core which has an axial end side;
a plurality of shaped conductors which protrude from the stator core at the end side and which each have, at the end side, at least one end portion comprising a free end of the shaped conductor, wherein arrangements of at least two of the end portions are connected to one another in an electrically conductive and mechanical manner in such a way that each arrangement forms a connecting portion which has a first cross-sectional area that lies in a predefined cross-sectional plane and that has corner portions and side portions lying between the corner portions; and
a plurality of insulation elements which each envelop at least one of the connecting portions and which are each formed from an electrically insulating material;
wherein each insulation element has a second cross-sectional area which lies in the cross-sectional plane and which has, for each corner portion of the first cross-sectional area of the connecting portion enveloped by the insulation element, an additional area and sides lying between the additional areas, wherein a respective one of the additional areas extends further in a direction pointing away from the first cross-sectional area than the sides which adjoin the additional area.
2. The stator according to claim 1 , wherein
the additional areas have a smaller radius than the sides.
3. The stator according to claim 2 , wherein
the first cross-sectional area has four of the corner portions and a first centre point defined by a point of intersection of two diagonals which connect non-peripherally adjacent corner portions, and the second cross-sectional area has four of the additional areas and a second centre point defined by a point of intersection of two diagonals which connect non-peripherally adjacent additional areas, wherein, in the case of at least some of the connecting portions and of the insulation elements enveloping them, the centre points are displaced in relation to one another, such that the smallest distance of a respective corner portion from an edge of the additional area assigned thereto is greater than the smallest distance of the side portions from the sides of the second cross-sectional area.
4. The stator according to claim 1 , wherein
the first cross-sectional area has four of the corner portions and a first centre point defined by a point of intersection of two diagonals which connect non-peripherally adjacent corner portions, and the second cross-sectional area has four of the additional areas and a second centre point defined by a point of intersection of two diagonals which connect non-peripherally adjacent additional areas, wherein, in the case of at least some of the connecting portions and of the insulation elements enveloping them, the centre points are displaced in relation to one another, such that the smallest distance of a respective corner portion from an edge of the additional area assigned thereto is greater than the smallest distance of the side portions from the sides of the second cross-sectional area.
5. The stator according to claim 1 , wherein,
in the case of at least some of the connecting portions and of the insulation elements enveloping them, the side portions of the first cross-sectional area are rotated in relation to the sides of the second cross-sectional area, such that the smallest distance of a respective corner portion from an edge of the additional area assigned thereto is greater than the smallest distance of the side portions from the sides of the second cross-sectional area.
6. The stator according to claim 1 , wherein,
in the case of at least some of the connecting portions and of the insulation elements enveloping them, the two corner portions formed by one of the shaped conductors of the arrangement are displaced in relation to the two corner portions formed by the other or another of the shaped conductors of the arrangement, such that the smallest distance of a respective corner portion from an edge of the additional area assigned thereto is greater than the smallest distance of the side portions from the sides of the second cross-sectional area.
7. The stator according to claim 1 , wherein
each insulation element
has a convex protuberance at the free ends, and/or
each insulation element has a profile which tapers from its end facing the stator core towards an intermediate position lying between the end and the cross-sectional plane.
8. A mold for producing a stator for an electric machine, according to claim 1 , comprising a mold body and a plurality of blind holes which are arranged along a circle and which are each configured to receive a connecting portion, which is formed by an arrangement of at least two end portions which comprise a free end of shaped conductors of the stator and which are connected to one another in an electrically conductive and mechanical manner, and a flowable or pulverulent enveloping material.
9. The mold according to claim 8 , wherein
each blind hole has a cross-sectional area which lies in a cross-sectional plane and which has a plurality of additional areas and sides connecting the additional areas, and a respective one of the additional areas in each case extends further outwards than the sides adjoining the respective additional area.
10. The mold according to claim 8 , wherein
the mold body is at least partially translucent or transparent to electromagnetic rays of a spectrum comprising the infrared range and/or the visible light range and/or the ultraviolet range, such that the electromagnetic rays can penetrate from the mold body into the blind holes.
11. The mold according to claim 10 , further comprising
at least one source for the electromagnetic rays, wherein the source
is arranged within the mold body and/or
is arranged outside the mold body, such that the rays can penetrate through an optical interface of the mold body into the latter.
12. A method for producing a stator for an electric machine, comprising the following steps:
providing a mold according to claim 8 ;
providing a stator core which has an axial end side, and a plurality of shaped conductors which protrude from the stator core at the end side and which each have, at the end side, at least one end portion comprising a free end of the shaped conductor, wherein arrangements of at least two of the end portions are connected to one another in an electrically conductive and mechanical manner in such a way that each arrangement forms a connecting portion which has a first cross-sectional area that lies in a predefined cross-sectional plane and that has corner portions and side portions lying between the corner portions;
filling the blind holes with a flowable or pulverulent enveloping material;
introducing the connecting portions into the blind holes;
allowing the connecting portions to be enveloped by the enveloping material; and
transforming the enveloping material into a solid, one-piece form, such that the enveloping material forms a plurality of insulation elements which each envelop at least one of the connecting portions, and such that each insulation element has a second cross-sectional area which lies in the cross-sectional plane and which has, for each corner portion of the first cross-sectional area of the connecting portion enveloped by the insulation element, an additional area and sides lying between the additional areas, wherein a respective one of the additional areas extends further in a direction pointing away from the first cross-sectional area than the sides which adjoin the additional area.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein
the connecting portions are introduced in an introduction direction as far as an introduction position, which is predefined in particular by a stop in the blind holes, and the method further comprises the following step which is carried out between the step of allowing engulfment and the curing step:
removing a first part of the connecting portions from the blind holes counter to the introduction direction, such that the first part of the connecting portions is wetted by the enveloping material and a second part of the connecting portions remains within the enveloping material.
14. The method according to claim 12 wherein:
the mold body is at least partially translucent or transparent to electromagnetic rays of a spectrum comprising the infrared range and/or the visible light range and/or the ultraviolet range, such that the electromagnetic rays can penetrate from the mold body into the blind holes, and
the step of transforming the enveloping material into a solid, one-piece form comprises irradiating the enveloping material with the electromagnetic rays.
15. The method according to claim 12 , wherein
the step of transforming the enveloping material into a solid, one-piece form comprises heating the enveloping material, and/or
the method further comprises the following step which is carried out prior to the introduction step: heating the end portions.
16. An electric machine for an electrically drivable vehicle, comprising a rotor and a stator according to claim 1 , wherein the rotor is rotatably mounted in the stator core.
17. The stator according to claim 1 , wherein,
in the case of at least some of the connecting portions and of the insulation elements enveloping them, the side portions of the first cross-sectional area are rotated in relation to the sides of the second cross-sectional area, such that the smallest distance of a respective corner portion from an edge of the additional area assigned thereto is greater than the smallest distance of the side portions from the sides of the second cross-sectional area.
18. The stator according to claim 1 , wherein,
in the case of at least some of the connecting portions and of the insulation elements enveloping them, the two corner portions formed by one of the shaped conductors of the arrangement are displaced in relation to the two corner portions formed by the other or another of the shaped conductors of the arrangement, such that the smallest distance of a respective corner portion from an edge of the additional area assigned thereto is greater than the smallest distance of the side portions from the sides of the second cross-sectional area.
19. The stator according to claim 1 , wherein
each insulation element
has a convex protuberance at the free ends, and/or
each insulation element has a profile which tapers from its end facing the stator core towards an intermediate position lying between the end and the cross-sectional plane.
20. A mold for producing a stator for an electric machine, according to claim 1 , comprising a mold body and a plurality of blind holes which are arranged along a circle and which are each configured to receive a connecting portion, which is formed by an arrangement of at least two end portions which comprise a free end of shaped conductors of the stator and which are connected to one another in an electrically conductive and mechanical manner, and a flowable or pulverulent enveloping material.