BATTERY CELL WITH ANODE OR CATHODE WITH NANOMATERIAL INCLUDING ACIDIC SURFACE
A battery comprising an acidified metal oxide (“AMO”) material, preferably in monodispersed nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH<7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H 0 >−12, at least on its surface.
1 . A battery cell comprising an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode, wherein the cathode comprises 1% to 20% by weight solid metal oxide nanomaterial, the solid metal oxide nanomaterial having a pH<5, the pH measured when a dried form of the solid metal oxide nanomaterial is suspended in water at 5 wt %, and a Hammett function H 0 >−12, the solid metal oxide nanomaterial including a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, iron, manganese, and titanium.
2 . A method for constructing a cathode of a battery cell, the method comprising:
adding a solid metal oxide nanomaterial to the active material of the cathode, the solid metal oxide nanomaterial having a pH<5, the pH measured when a dried form of the solid metal oxide nanomaterial is suspended in water at 5 wt %, and a Hammett function H0>−12, the solid metal oxide nanomaterial including a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, iron, manganese, and titanium, wherein the cathode comprises 1% to 20% by weight of the solid oxide nanomaterial.