Display apparatus having protruding conductive layer and method of manufacturing the same
A display apparatus includes: a substrate having a display area and a peripheral area extending around a periphery of the display area; a pixel electrode in the display area; a pixel-defining layer on the pixel electrode and having a first sub-opening exposing a central portion of the pixel electrode; a bank layer on the pixel-defining layer and having a second sub-opening exposing a central portion of the pixel electrode; a first conductive layer on the bank layer and having a tip protruding outwardly beyond the pixel electrode and the second sub-opening; an emission layer over the pixel electrode and the first conductive layer and having an opening exposing a portion of an upper surface of the first conductive layer; and an opposite electrode on the emission layer and in direct contact with the first conductive layer through the opening in the emission layer.
1 . A display apparatus comprising:
a substrate having a display area and a peripheral area extending around a periphery of the display area;
a pixel electrode in the display area;
a pixel-defining layer on the pixel electrode and having a first sub-opening exposing a central portion of the pixel electrode;
a bank layer on the pixel-defining layer and having a second sub-opening exposing the central portion of the pixel electrode;
a first conductive layer on the bank layer and having a tip protruding outwardly beyond the pixel electrode and the second sub-opening;
an emission layer over the pixel electrode and the first conductive layer and having an opening exposing a portion of an upper surface of the first conductive layer; and
an opposite electrode on the emission layer and in direct contact with the first conductive layer through the opening in the emission layer.
2 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pixel-defining layer comprises an inorganic insulating material, and
wherein the bank layer comprises a metal material.
3 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a common voltage line in the peripheral area and configured to receive a common voltage,
wherein the pixel-defining layer and the bank layer extend to the peripheral area to cover the common voltage line,
wherein the pixel-defining layer has an opening exposing a portion of an upper surface of the common voltage line, and
wherein the bank layer is in direct contact with the common voltage line through the opening in the pixel-defining layer.
4 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a low reflection layer covering the first conductive layer,
wherein the low reflection layer comprises a metal oxide.
5 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive layer has an undercut structure.
6 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the emission layer and the opposite electrode are disconnected by the tip.
7 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an inorganic encapsulation layer on the opposite electrode,
wherein the inorganic encapsulation layer is in direct contact with a lower surface of the tip.
8 . The display apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising:
a light-shielding layer on the inorganic encapsulation layer and having a filter opening corresponding to the pixel electrode; and
a color filter on the light-shielding layer and overlapping the pixel electrode.
9 . The display apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising an organic planarization layer on the inorganic encapsulation layer,
wherein a refractive index of the organic planarization layer is greater than a refractive index of the inorganic encapsulation layer.
10 . The display apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the refractive index of the organic planarization layer is 1.6 or more.
11 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the opening in the emission layer has a loop shape extending around at least a portion of a periphery of the second sub-opening.
12 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a first residual sacrificial layer between the pixel electrode and the pixel-defining layer, the first residual sacrificial layer overlapping an edge of the pixel electrode.
13 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a second residual sacrificial layer between the bank layer and the first conductive layer, the second residual sacrificial layer being under the tip.
14 . A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:
forming, on a substrate, a pixel electrode and a first sacrificial layer corresponding to the pixel electrode;
forming a pixel-defining layer and a bank layer to cover the first sacrificial layer;
forming, on the bank layer, a second sacrificial layer extending around a periphery of the pixel electrode;
forming a first conductive layer to cover the bank layer and the second sacrificial layer;
forming a first opening and a tip of the first conductive layer, the first opening exposing a central portion of the pixel electrode by penetrating through the pixel-defining layer, the bank layer, and the first conductive layer, the tip protruding outwardly beyond the pixel electrode;
forming an emission layer having an opening exposing a portion of an upper surface of the first conductive layer; and
forming an opposite electrode layer on the emission layer.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the emission layer is formed on a front surface of the substrate.
16 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the opening in the emission layer is formed by a laser drilling process.
17 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the opening in the emission layer has a loop shape extending around at least a portion of a periphery of the first opening.
18 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the first conductive layer has an undercut structure, and
wherein the emission layer is disconnected by the tip.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the opposite electrode layer is in direct contact with the first conductive layer through the opening in the emission layer.
20 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising forming an inorganic encapsulation layer on the opposite electrode layer.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the inorganic encapsulation layer is formed to be in direct contact with a lower surface of the tip.
22 . The method of claim 20 , further comprising:
forming, on the inorganic encapsulation layer, a light-shielding layer having a filter opening corresponding to the pixel electrode; and
forming, on the light-shielding layer, a color filter overlapping the pixel electrode.
23 . The method of claim 20 , further comprising forming an organic planarization layer on the inorganic encapsulation layer,
wherein a refractive index of the organic planarization layer is greater than a refractive index of the inorganic encapsulation layer.
24 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the forming of the first conductive layer further comprises forming a low reflection layer on the first conductive layer.