Hydrogen production process and plant
A process for the production of hydrogen comprises: a first steam reforming step of a feedstock containing hydrocarbons to obtain a first synthesis gas; a first synthesis gas shift and cooling step on the first synthesis gas; a separation step for separating the first synthesis gas into a high concentration hydrogen stream and a tail gas stream; a second low pressure steam reforming step performed on the tail gas to obtain a second synthesis gas; a second synthesis gas shift and cooling step on the second synthesis gas; a CO2 removal step performed on the stream of hydrogen and carbon dioxide exiting the second synthesis gas shift and cooling step in order to separate a CO2 stream from a fuel grade hydrogen stream; a step of feeding at least a part of the fuel grade hydrogen stream to the first steam reforming step.
1 . A process for the production of hydrogen, comprising:
a first steam reforming step of a feedstock containing hydrocarbons to obtain a first synthesis gas; a first synthesis gas shift and cooling step, where carbon monoxide and water present in the first synthesis gas react to give hydrogen and carbon dioxide; a separation step for separating the first synthesis gas in a high concentration hydrogen stream and a tail gas stream; the process being characterized in that the tail gas separated in the separation step is fed to a second low pressure steam reforming step, performed at a pressure lower than the first steam reforming step, to obtain a second synthesis gas; and by comprising then a second synthesis gas shift and cooling step, performed on the second synthesis gas for converting carbon monoxide and water present in the second synthesis gas into hydrogen and carbon dioxide; a CO2 removal step performed on the stream of hydrogen and carbon dioxide exiting from the second synthesis gas shift and cooling step to separate a CO2 stream from a fuel grade hydrogen stream having a titre greater than or equal to 90% and less than 99.9%; a step of feeding at least a first part of the fuel grade hydrogen stream to the first steam reforming step, and a second part of the fuel grade hydrogen stream to the second low pressure steam reforming step.
2 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the tail gas separated in the separation step is entirely sent to the second low pressure steam reforming step.
3 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal duty required for the reforming reactions in the first steam reforming step is provided by the combustion of the fuel grade hydrogen produced in the second low pressure steam reforming step and in the second synthesis gas shift and cooling step and purified in the CO2 removal step, and without adding any other fuel gas.
4 . The process according to claim 1 , comprising a CO2 absorption step, performed on the first synthesis gas exiting from the first synthesis gas shift and cooling step to remove carbon dioxide from the first synthesis gas.
5 . A plant ( 1 ) for the production of hydrogen, comprising: a first steam reforming section ( 3 ) for producing a first synthesis gas from a feedstock containing hydrocarbons; a first synthesis gas shift and cooling section ( 4 ) connected to the first steam reforming section ( 3 ) to treat the first synthesis gas therefrom; a separation section ( 6 ) connected to the first synthesis gas shift and cooling section ( 4 ) to separate the first synthesis gas in a high concentration hydrogen stream and a tail gas stream; the plant ( 1 ) being characterized by comprising a second low pressure steam reforming section ( 20 ), operating at a pressure lower than the first steam reforming section ( 3 ) and connected to an outlet of the separation section ( 6 ) via a gas line ( 21 ) to convey the tail gas produced in the separation section ( 6 ) to the second low pressure steam reforming section ( 20 ); a second synthesis gas shift and cooling section ( 24 ), connected to the second low pressure steam reforming section ( 20 ) to receive a second synthesis gas from the second low pressure steam reforming section ( 20 ); a CO2 removal section ( 26 ), connected to the second synthesis gas shift and cooling section ( 24 ) to remove carbon dioxide from the second synthesis gas obtaining a fuel grade hydrogen stream having a titre greater than or equal to 90% and less than 99.9%; and a first H2 recirculating line ( 27 a ) connecting the CO2 removal section ( 26 ) with a fuel inlet of the first steam reforming section ( 3 ); and a second H2 recirculating line ( 27 b ) departing from the first H2 recirculating line ( 27 a ) and connected to an inlet of the second low pressure steam reforming section ( 20 ).
6 . The plant according to claim 5 , wherein the separation section ( 6 ) has only one outlet for the tail gas and one outlet for the high concentration hydrogen stream, so that the tail gas is entirely sent to the second low pressure steam reforming section ( 20 ).
7 . The plant according to claim 5 , wherein the first steam reforming section ( 3 ) has only one fuel inlet connected to the first H2 recirculating line ( 27 a ) and no other inlets for other fuel gases to be burned in the first steam reforming section ( 3 ), so that the thermal duty required for the reforming reactions in the first steam reforming section ( 3 ) is provided by combustion of the fuel grade hydrogen only, coming through the first H2 recirculating line ( 27 a ).
8 . The plant according to claim 5 , comprising a CO2 absorption section ( 5 ), arranged between the first synthesis gas shift and cooling section ( 4 ) and the separation section ( 6 ) and connected to the first synthesis gas shift and cooling section ( 4 ) to remove carbon dioxide from the first synthesis gas.