Composite structures for packaging articles and related methods
The composite structure includes a fiber-containing layer, such as a fiberboard layer or other layer having fibers from natural and/or synthetic sources, and a mineral-containing layer covering the fiber-containing layer. The fiber-containing layer and mineral-containing layer can be shaped, sized and manufactured such that the composite structure formed therefrom is capable of being machined to form a storage article. The composite structure has advantages in that it can improve whiteness, opacity, ink adhesion, materials reduction, barrier properties, recyclability, and printability. The composite can reduce polymer mass requirements for heat seal, barrier, and fiber adhesion. Further improvements include economics, pliability, and flexibility that is increased over the pliability of the fiber-containing layer alone.
1. A method of manufacturing a recyclable packaging structure, the method comprising:
extrusion coating of a plurality of released fibers with a plurality of polymer and polymer/particle fragments that during recycling comprise a thermoplastic resin and a plurality of mineral particles;
wherein said plurality of polymer and polymer/particle fragments having a density in the range of 0.910 g/cm3 to 4.75 g/cm3;
wherein said plurality of mineral particles comprise (i) a plurality of mineral nano-particles that are 100 nanometers or less in size and (ii) a plurality of ultrafine mineral nano-particles ranging from 0.06 microns to 0.10 microns in size;
wherein said extrusion coating process is carried out under the following conditions:
said thermoplastic resin having a melt flow index in the range of 4.0 g/10 min to 16 g/10 min;
a melt temperature of 590° F.±20%;
an extruder screw or tube barrel pressure in the range of 1,200 psi to 2,500 psi;
an extruder screw or tube barrel air gap in the range of 4 inches to 16 inches;
extruder screw or tube barrel die gap in the range of 0.020 inches to 0.050 inches; and
a barrel temperature in the range of 400° F. to 640° F.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of mineral nano-particles are selected from the group of minerals consisting of: wollastonite (hydrated and non-hydrated); magnesium silicate; barium sulfate; barium ferrite; magnesium hydroxide; magnesium carbonate; aluminum trihydroxide; magnesium carbonate; natural silica or sand; cristobalite; diatomite; novaculite; quartz tripoli clay calcined; muscovite; nepheline-syenite; feldspar; calcium sulfate-gypsum; terra alba; selenite; domite; silicon mica; hydrated aluminum silicates; coke; montmorillonite (MMT); attapulgite (AT) carbon black; pecan nut flour; cellulose particles; wood flour; fly ash; starch; titanium dioxide (TiO2); barium carbonate; terra alba; selenite; nepheline-syenite; muscovite; pectolite; chrysotile; borates; sulfates; and precipitated and ground calcium carbonate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of mineral nano-particles are one or more of: wollastonite (hydrated and non-hydrated); magnesium silicate; barium sulfate; barium ferrite; magnesium hydroxide; magnesium carbonate; aluminum trihydroxide; magnesium carbonate; natural silica or sand; cristobalite; diatomite; novaculite; quartz tripoli clay calcined; muscovite; nepheline-syenite; feldspar; calcium sulfate-gypsum; terra alba; selenite; domite; silicon mica; hydrated aluminum silicates; coke; montmorillonite (MMT); attapulgite (AT) carbon black; pecan nut flour; cellulose particles; wood flour; fly ash; starch; titanium dioxide (TiO2); barium carbonate; terra alba; selenite; nepheline-syenite; muscovite; pectolite; chrysotile; borates; sulfates; precipitated and ground calcium carbonate; and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of ultrafine mineral nano-particles are selected from the group of minerals consisting of: wollastonite (hydrated and non-hydrated); magnesium silicate; barium sulfate; barium ferrite; magnesium hydroxide; magnesium carbonate; aluminum trihydroxide; magnesium carbonate; natural silica or sand; cristobalite; diatomite; novaculite; quartz tripoli clay calcined; muscovite; nepheline-syenite; feldspar; calcium sulfate-gypsum; terra alba; selenite; domite; silicon mica; hydrated aluminum silicates; coke; montmorillonite (MMT); attapulgite (AT) carbon black; pecan nut flour; cellulose particles; wood flour; fly ash; starch; titanium dioxide (TiO2); barium carbonate; terra alba; selenite; nepheline-syenite; muscovite; pectolite; chrysotile; borates; sulfates; and precipitated and ground calcium carbonate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of ultrafine mineral nano-particles are one or more of: wollastonite (hydrated and non-hydrated); magnesium silicate; barium sulfate; barium ferrite; magnesium hydroxide; magnesium carbonate; aluminum trihydroxide; magnesium carbonate; natural silica or sand; cristobalite; diatomite; novaculite; quartz tripoli clay calcined; muscovite; nepheline-syenite; feldspar; calcium sulfate-gypsum; terra alba; selenite; domite; silicon mica; hydrated aluminum silicates; coke; montmorillonite (MMT); attapulgite (AT) carbon black; pecan nut flour; cellulose particles; wood flour; fly ash; starch; titanium dioxide (TiO2); barium carbonate; terra alba; selenite; nepheline-syenite; muscovite; pectolite; chrysotile; borates; sulfates; precipitated and ground calcium carbonate; and combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of mineral particles have a hardness of between 2.0 to 4.0 Mohs.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of mineral particles are selected from the group of minerals consisting of clay and silica.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of mineral particles are one or more of clay and silica.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of mineral particles are clay.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of mineral particles are silica.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of released fibers comprise reusable fibers containing pulp that is suitable for manufacture of new paper products.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of released fibers comprise one or more of softwood fibers, hardwood fibers, and combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of released fibers comprise a mixture of softwood and hardwood fibers.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein said mixture of softwood and hardwood fibers comprises from 5% to 95% softwood fibers.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein said mixture of softwood and hardwood fibers comprises from 25% to 90% softwood fibers.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein said mixture of softwood and hardwood fibers comprises from 5% to 95% hardwood fibers.
17. The method of claim 9 , wherein said mixture of softwood and hardwood fibers comprises from 25% to 90% hardwood fibers.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of released fibers are derived from a paper having a basis weight of in the range of 30 lbs/3000 sq. ft. to 200 lbs/3000 sq. ft. and a thickness in the range of 0.010 inches to 0.036 inches.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polymer and polymer/particle fragments are dimensioned to pass through a 0.005 inch slotted pressure screens.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polymer and polymer/particle fragments are dimensioned to pass through a 0.005 inch round hole.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of mineral particles further comprise a nano-cellulose;
wherein said nano-cellulose has a crystalline content in the range of 40% to 70%.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein said crystalline content comprises one or more of nano-fibrils, micro-fibrils, and nanofibril bundles.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein a first portion of said crystalline content has lateral dimensions in the range of 0.4 nanometers to 30.0 nanometers;
wherein a second portion of said crystalline content has lateral dimensions in the range of 1.0 micrometers to 10.0 micrometers; and
wherein a highly crystalline nano-whisker portion of said crystalline content has lateral dimensions in the range of 0.1 micrometers to 1.0 micrometers.
24. The method of claim 21 , wherein a first portion of said crystalline content has widths in the range of 3.0 to 15.0 nanometers.
25. The method of claim 21 , wherein said crystalline content has charge densities in the range of 0.5 mEq/g (milliequivalent to grams) to 1.5 mEq/g (milliequivalent to grams).
26. The method of claim 21 , wherein said nano-cellulose has a stiffness in the range of 140 GPa to 220 GPa.
27. The method of claim 21 , wherein said nano-cellulose has tensile strength in the range of 400 Mpa to 600 Mpa.
28. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of polymer and polymer/particle fragments is supplied to the extrusion process in the form of pellets.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of polymer and polymer/particle fragments have coat weights from 4 lbs/3 MSF to 30 lbs/3 MSF.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heat sealable and recyclable packaging structure does not contain water-based dispersions, aqueous dispersions, aqueous coatings, emulsions, emulsion-containing coatings, water-containing dispersions, and press-line applications.
31. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of polymer and polymer/particle fragments after said extrusion coating step form a mineral containing layer that (i) weighs from 15 g/m2 to 50 g/m2, (ii) is coextruded in line on an extrusion coating machine, and (iii) is bonded by extrusion to said plurality of released fibers.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein said mineral containing layer is from 25% to 75% amorphous has a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), under conditions of 100° F. and 90% relative humidity, from 7.13 g/m2 per day to 22 g/m2 per day, as determined using Test Method T-464.
33. The method of claim 1 , wherein said a plurality of polymer and polymer/particle fragments form a barrier layer;
wherein said barrier layer comprises one to six coextruded non-interspersed layers, each of said one to six coextruded non-interspersed layers is between 0% to 70% by weight of said plurality of mineral particles that are dispersed in said thermoplastic resin; and
wherein said barrier layer has a basis weight in the range of 6 g/m2 (4 lbs/3 msf) to 98 g/m2 (60 lbs/3 msf), and a caliper (thickness) in the range of 0.3 millimeters to 3.0 millimeters.
34. The method of claim 1 , wherein plurality of mineral particles are evenly dispersed in said thermoplastic resin.