SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ENHANCING THE CAPACITY OF AN ADSORPTIVE MEDIA TO REMOVE PER- AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES (PFAS) FROM A FLOW OF LIQUID CONTAMINATED WITH PFAS AND AT LEAST ONE PRECURSOR
A system for pretreating a flow of a liquid contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and at least one precursor. The system includes a pre-oxidation subsystem configured to receive the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor and configured to convert a majority of at least one precursor into PFAS to produce a flow of liquid having the PFAS and the at least one precursor converted to PFAS therein. At least one vessel including an adsorptive media therein is configured to receive the flow of liquid having the PFAS and the at least one precursor converted to PFAS, the adsorptive media configured to remove a majority of the PFAS and a majority of the at least one precursor converted to PFAS and produce a flow of treated liquid having the majority of the PFAS and the majority of the at least one precursor converted to PFAS removed.
1 . A system for pretreating a flow of a liquid contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and at least one precursor, the system comprising:
a pre-oxidation subsystem configured to receive the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor and configured to convert a majority of at least one precursor into PFAS to produce a flow of liquid having the PFAS and the at least one precursor converted to PFAS therein; and
at least one vessel including an adsorptive media therein configured to receive the flow of liquid having the PFAS and the at least one precursor converted to PFAS, the adsorptive media configured remove a majority of the PFAS and a majority of the at least one precursor converted to PFAS and produce a flow of treated liquid having the majority of the PFAS and the majority of the at least one precursor converted to PFAS removed.
2 . The system of claim 1 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem is configured to introduce at least one of: one or more oxidizing agents, UV light, and/or heat into the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor to convert the at least one precursor into PFAS.
3 . The system of claim 2 in which the one or more oxidizing agents include ozone, oxygen, persulfate, and/or hydrogen peroxide.
4 . The system of claim 2 further including one or more advanced oxidation processes comprising at least one of: hydrogen peroxide and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ozone; ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide, ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate; titanium dioxide and UV light; or heat activated persulfate.
5 . The system of claim 3 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem includes an ozone generator, an ozone injector and a contact tank.
6 . The system of claim 3 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem includes an ozone generator, a venturi injector and a contact tank.
7 . The system of claim 1 in which the adsorptive media includes at least one of: an anion exchange resin, carbonaceous resin, granular activated carbon (GAC), or polymeric resin.
8 . The system of claim 1 in which the at least one vessel includes a plurality of vessels configured in series.
9 . A system for pretreating a flow of a liquid contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), at least one precursor, and/or other organic compounds, the system comprising:
a pre-oxidation subsystem configured to receive the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and/or other organic compounds and configured to convert a majority of at least one precursor into PFAS and remove at least one other organic compound to produce a flow of liquid having the PFAS and the at least one precursor converted to PFAS therein; and
at least one vessel including an adsorptive media therein configured to receive the flow of liquid having the PFAS and the at least one precursor converted to PFAS, the adsorptive media configured remove a majority of the PFAS and a majority of the at least one precursor converted to PFAS and produce a flow of treated liquid having the majority of the PFAS and the majority of the at least one precursor converted to PFAS removed.
10 . The system of claim 9 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem is configured to introduce at least one of: one or more oxidizing agents, UV light, and/or heat into the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and/or other organic compounds to convert the at least one precursor into PFAS.
11 . The system of claim 10 in which the one or more oxidizing agents include ozone, oxygen, persulfate, and/or hydrogen peroxide.
12 . The system of claim 11 further including one or more advanced oxidation processes comprising at least one of: hydrogen peroxide and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ozone; ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide, ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate; titanium dioxide and UV light; or heat activated persulfate.
13 . The system of claim 11 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem includes an ozone generator, an ozone injector and a contact tank.
14 . The system of claim 11 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem includes an ozone generator, a venturi injector and a contact tank
15 . The system of claim 9 in which the adsorptive media includes at least one of: an anion exchange resin, carbonaceous resin, granular activated carbon (GAC), or polymeric resin.
16 . The system of claim 9 in which the at least one vessel includes a plurality of vessels configured in series.
17 . A system for enhancing the capacity of an adsorptive media to remove PFAS from a flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor, the system comprising:
a pre-oxidation subsystem configured to receive the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor, the pre-oxidation subsystem configured to enhance the capacity of an adsorptive media to remove PFAS from the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and a least one precursor and produce a treated flow of liquid having a majority of the PFAS removed.
18 . The system of claim 17 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem is configured to introduce at least one of: one or more oxidizing agents, UV light, and/or heat into the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor to convert the at least one precursor into PFAS.
19 . The system of claim 18 in which the one or more oxidizing agents include ozone, oxygen, persulfate, and/or hydrogen peroxide.
20 . The system of claim 19 further including one or more advanced oxidation processes comprising at least one of: hydrogen peroxide and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ozone; ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide, ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate; titanium dioxide and UV light; or heat activated persulfate.
21 . The system of claim 19 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem includes an ozone generator, an ozone injector and a contact tank.
22 . The system of claim 19 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem includes an ozone generator, a venturi injector and a contact tank.
23 . The system of claim 17 in which the adsorptive media includes at least one of: an anion exchange resin, a carbonaceous resin, granular activated carbon (GAC), or polymeric resin.
24 . The system of claim 17 in which the adsorptive media is housed in at least one vessel.
25 . The system of claim 24 in which the at least one vessel includes a plurality of vessels configured in series.
26 . A system for enhancing the capacity of an adsorptive media to remove PFAS from a flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and other organic compounds, the system comprising:
a pre-oxidation subsystem configured to receive the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and other organic compounds, the pre-oxidation subsystem configured to enhance the capacity of an adsorptive media to remove PFAS from the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, a least one precursor, and other organic compounds and produce a treated flow of liquid having a majority of the PFAS removed.
27 . The system of claim 26 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem is configured to introduce at least one of: one or more oxidizing agents, UV light, and/or heat into the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and other organic compounds to convert the at least one precursor into PFAS and remove at least one of the other organic compounds.
28 . The system of claim 27 in which the one or more oxidizing agents include ozone, oxygen, persulfate, and/or hydrogen peroxide.
29 . The system of claim 28 further including one or more advanced oxidation processes comprising at least one of: hydrogen peroxide and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ozone; ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide, ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate; titanium dioxide and UV light; or heat activated persulfate.
30 . The system of claim 28 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem includes an ozone generator, an ozone injector and a contact tank.
31 . The system of claim 28 in which the pre-oxidation subsystem includes an ozone generator, a venturi injector and a contact tank.
32 . The system of claim 26 in which the adsorptive media includes at least one of: an anion exchange resin, a carbonaceous resin, granular activated carbon (GAC), or polymeric resin.
33 . The system of claim 26 in which the adsorptive media is housed in at least one vessel.
34 . The system of claim 33 in which the at least one vessel includes a plurality of vessels configured in series.
35 . A method for pretreating a flow of a liquid contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and at least one precursor, the method comprising:
receiving the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor;
subjecting the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor to a pre-oxidation process to convert a majority of at least one precursor into PFAS to produce a flow of liquid having the PFAS and the at least one precursor converted to PFAS therein;
receiving the flow of liquid having the PFAS and the at least one precursor converted to PFAS therein;
removing a majority of the PFAS and a majority of the at least one precursor converted to PFAS with an adsorptive media; and
producing a flow of treated liquid having the majority of the PFAS and the majority of the at least one precursor converted to PFAS removed.
36 . The method of claim 35 in which the pre-oxidation process introduces at least one of: one or more oxidizing agents, UV light, and/or heat into the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor to convert the at least one precursor into PFAS.
37 . The method of claim 36 in which the one or more oxidizing agents include ozone, oxygen, persulfate, and/or hydrogen peroxide.
38 . The method of claim 36 further including performing one or more advanced oxidation processes comprising at least one of: hydrogen peroxide and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ozone; ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide, ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate; titanium dioxide and UV light; or heat activated persulfate.
39 . The method of claim 35 in which the adsorptive media includes at least one of: an anion exchange resin, carbonaceous resin, granular activated carbon (GAC), or polymeric resin.
40 . A method for pretreating a flow of a liquid contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), at least one precursor, and/or other organic compounds, the method comprising:
receiving the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and/or other organic compounds;
subjecting the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and/or other organic compounds to a pre-oxidation process to convert a majority of at least one precursor into PFAS and remove at least one other organic compound to produce a flow of liquid having the PFAS and the at least one precursor converted to PFAS therein;
receiving the flow of liquid having the PFAS and the at least one precursor converted to PFAS therein;
removing a majority of the PFAS and a majority of the at least one precursor converted to PFAS with an adsorptive media; and
producing a flow of treated liquid having the majority of the PFAS and the majority of the at least one precursor converted to PFAS removed.
41 . The method of claim 40 in which the pre-oxidation process introduces at least one of: one or more oxidizing agents, UV light, and/or heat into the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and/or other organic compounds to convert the at least one precursor into PFAS.
42 . The method of claim 41 in which the one or more oxidizing agents include ozone, oxygen, persulfate, and/or hydrogen peroxide.
43 . The method of claim 41 further including one or more advanced oxidation processes comprising at least one of: hydrogen peroxide and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ozone; ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide, ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate; titanium dioxide and UV light; or heat activated persulfate.
44 . The method of claim 40 in which the adsorptive media includes at least one of: an anion exchange resin, carbonaceous resin, granular activated carbon (GAC), or polymeric resin.
45 . A method for enhancing the capacity of an adsorptive media to remove PFAS from a flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor, the method comprising:
receiving the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor;
subjecting the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor to a pre-oxidation process to enhance the capacity of an adsorptive media to remove PFAS from the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and a least one precursor and produce a treated flow of liquid having a majority of the PFAS removed.
46 . The method of claim 45 in which the pre-oxidation process introduces at least one of: one or more oxidizing agents, UV light, and/or heat into the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS and at least one precursor to convert the at least one precursor into PFAS.
47 . The method of claim 46 in which the one or more oxidizing agents include ozone, oxygen, persulfate, and/or hydrogen peroxide.
48 . The method of claim 46 further including one or more advanced oxidation processes comprising at least one hydrogen peroxide and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ozone; ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide, ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate; titanium dioxide and UV light; or heat activated persulfate.
49 . The method of claim 45 in which the adsorptive media includes at least one of: an anion exchange resin, a carbonaceous resin, granular activated carbon (GAC), or polymeric resin.
50 . A method for enhancing the capacity of an adsorptive media to remove PFAS from a flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and/or other organic compounds, the method comprising:
receiving the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and other organic compounds;
subjecting the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and other organic compounds to a pre-oxidation process to enhance the capacity of an adsorptive media to remove PFAS from the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, a least one precursor, and other organic compounds and produce a treated flow of liquid having a majority of the PFAS removed.
51 . The method of claim 50 in which the pre-oxidation process introduces at least one of: one or more oxidizing agents, UV light, and/or heat into the flow of liquid contaminated with PFAS, at least one precursor, and/or other organic compounds to convert the at least one precursor into PFAS and remove at least one of the other organic compounds.
52 . The method of claim 51 in which the one or more oxidizing agents include ozone, oxygen, persulfate, and/or hydrogen peroxide.
53 . The method of claim 51 further including one or more advanced oxidation processes comprising at least one of: hydrogen peroxide and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ozone; ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide, ozone and UV light; hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate; titanium dioxide and UV light; or heat activated persulfate.
54 . The method of claim 50 in which the adsorptive media includes at least one of: an anion exchange resin, a carbonaceous resin, granular activated carbon (GAC), or polymeric resin.