Conformal and flexible leaky-wave antenna arrays with reduced mutual couplings
Methods and systems are disclosed for an antenna system capable of optimal broadside radiation. In certain embodiments, a system may include a flexible and thin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate stack having a predetermined length. The system may include a printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication of one or more Leaky-Wave Antenna (LWA) structures on the PET substrate stack. The one or more LWA structures have a bent-stub folded LWA configuration have longitudinal asymmetry and transverse asymmetry for a broadside frequency. The bent-stub folded LWA configuration comprises a plurality of conductively unit cells having a unit cell period. Each unit cell of the plurality of conductively unit cells has a folded main feed-line and a bent stub pair with two angularly bent radiating stubs. Embodiments are structured to increase radiation per-unit length and suppress open stopband (OSB).
1. An antenna system comprising:
a flexible and thin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate stack having a length;
a printed circuit board (PCB) comprising one or more Leaky-Wave Antenna (LWA) structures on the PET substrate stack, wherein the one or more LWA structures have a bent-stub folded LWA configuration with longitudinal asymmetry and transverse asymmetry for a broadside frequency;
wherein the bent-stub folded LWA configuration comprises a plurality of conductively unit cells having a unit cell period, wherein each unit cell of the plurality of conductively unit cells has a folded main feed-line and a bent stub pair with two angularly bent radiating stubs.
2. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the bent-stub folded LWA configuration comprises a single LWA antenna.
3. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the bent-stub folded LWA configuration comprises two LWAs in a coupled LWA pair comprising two antennas interleaved with angularly bent stubs in a two-element array configuration, wherein one of the two antennas is shifted by a half of the unit cell period.
4. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the bent-stub folded LWA configuration comprises a manifold LWA consisting of two pairs of coupled LWAs, wherein the coupled LWA pair comprises two antennas that are interleaved with angularly bent stubs in a two-element array configuration and wherein one of the two antennas is shifted by a half of the unit cell period.
5. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the unit cell period is less than a guided wavelength at the broadside frequency, and the two angularly bent radiating stubs are separated by a distance that minimizes an open stopband (OSB) condition at the broadside frequency.
6. The antenna system of claim 5 , wherein the distance is a quarter of the guided wavelength at the broadside frequency.
7. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the two angularly bent radiating stubs have a bend angle having a measurement to reduce mutual coupling between input ports of the antennas.
8. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the flexible PET substrate stack comprises a polyimide-adhesive-PET-adhesive ground configuration of PET and polyimide sheets.
9. The antenna system of claim 8 , wherein the flexible PET substrate stack comprises a heavy duty spray adhesive on both the PET and polyimide sheets.
10. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the flexible substrate has an effective thickness of 1.2 mm.
11. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the flexible and thin substrate is bonded to a solder-safe copper tape as a ground plane on a surface of three-dimensional (3D) mounts.
12. The antenna system of claim 11 , wherein the surface of the 3D mounts has a radius of curvature that matches a structure.
13. The antenna system of claim 11 , wherein the broadside frequency is about 5.5 GHz.
14. A method of manufacturing an antenna system, the method comprising:
forming an antenna on a generic thin flexible polyimide film using printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication of one or more Leaky-Wave Antenna (LWA) structures on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate stack, wherein the one or more LWA structures have a bent-stub folded LWA configuration with longitudinal asymmetry and transverse asymmetry for a broadside frequency, the bent-stub folded LWA configuration comprising: a flexible and thin PET substrate stack having a length; and a plurality of conductively unit cells having a unit cell period, wherein each unit cell of the plurality of conductively unit cells has a folded main feed-line and a bent stub pair with two angularly bent radiating stubs;
bonding the generic thin flexible polyimide film and the antenna on a PET sheet;
bonding the PET sheet on a solder-safe copper tape.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the bent-stub folded LWA configuration comprises a single LWA antenna.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the bent-stub folded LWA configuration comprises two LWAs in a coupled LWA pair, wherein the coupled LWA pair comprises two antennas interleaved with angularly bent stubs in a two-element array configuration and wherein one of the two antennas is shifted by a half of the unit cell period.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the bent-stub folded LWA configuration comprises a manifold LWA consisting of two pairs of coupled LWAs, wherein the coupled LWA pair comprises two antennas interleaved with angularly bent stubs in a two-element array configuration and one of the two antennas is shifted by a half of the unit cell period.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the unit cell period is less than a guided wavelength at the broadside frequency, and the two angularly bent radiating stubs are separated by a distance that minimizes an open stopband (OSB) condition at the broadside frequency.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the distance is a quarter of the guided wavelength at the broadside frequency.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the two angularly bent radiating stubs have a bend angle having a measurement that reduces mutual coupling between input ports of antennas.