Efficient cooling of ion chains for quantum computation
The disclosure describes various aspects of techniques for cooling a chain of ions to near the combined ground state that does not grow with the number of ions in the chain. By addressing each ion individually and using each ion to cool a different motional mode, it is possible to cool the motional modes concurrently. In an example, a third of the total motional modes can be cooled at the same time. In an aspect, the techniques include generating a sideband cooling laser beam for each ion in the ion chain, concurrently cooling two or more motional modes associated with the ions in the ion chain using the respective sideband cooling laser beam until each of the two or more motional modes reaches a motional ground state, and performing a quantum computation using the ion chain after the two or more motional modes have reached the motional ground state.
1. A method for cooling an ion chain for quantum computing, the method comprising:
confining two or more ions in the ion chain towards a bottom of an ion trap;
identifying a plurality of motional modes that is associated with the two or more ions in the ion chain;
concurrently applying respective laser beams that are each at a respective frequency to the confined two or more ions, the frequency of each laser beam being associated with the identified plurality of motional modes of the two or more ions and configured to cool at least one of the plurality of motional modes of the confined two or more ions; and
performing a quantum computation using the two or more ions in the ion chain after the plurality of motional modes of the two or more ions is cooled by the respective laser beams.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the laser beam comprises sideband cooling the identified plurality of motional modes of the two or more ions by applying in parallel at least one sequence of motional transfer pulses to the respective two or more ions in the ion chain to remove a quantum of motion from each ion by each motional transfer pulse applied.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sideband cooling includes applying a sequence of repump laser pulses to reset the two or more ions before applying a next motional transfer pulse in the at least one sequence of motional transfer pulses.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising the generating of the sequence of repump laser pulses by generating a separate sequence of repump laser pulses for each of the two or more ions in the ion chain.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the applying of the sequence of repump laser pulses to reset the two or more ions before the application of the next motional transfer pulse in the sequence of motional transfer pulses includes applying the respective sequence of repump laser pulses to each of the multiple ions in the ion chain.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the sequences of repump laser pulses for each of the two or more ions in the ion chain are asynchronous such that the repump laser pulses are not aligned across the two or more ions in the ion chain.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the confining comprise Doppler cooling the two or more ions in the ion to reduce an amount of motion quanta.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a plurality of laser beams at a plurality of frequencies to the confined two or more ions, respectively, with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies being associated with a different motional mode.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising applying the plurality of laser beams to the confined two or more ions, respectively, at different amounts of time.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of motional modes include longitudinal or axial modes with respect to the ion chain, transverse or radial modes with respect to the ion chain, or a combination thereof.
11. A quantum information processing (QIP) system for cooling an ion chain for quantum computing, comprising:
one or more optical sources configured to generate a plurality of laser beams;
a beam controller configured to:
control the one or more optical sources to confine two or more ions in the ion chain towards a bottom of an ion trap;
identify a plurality of motional modes that is associated with the two or more ions in the ion chain;
control the one or more optical sources to concurrently apply respective laser beams each at a respective frequency to the confined two or more ions, the frequency of each laser beam being associated with the identified plurality of motional modes of the two or more ions and configured to cool at least one of the plurality of motional modes of the confined two or more ions; and
an algorithms component configured to perform a quantum computation using the two or more ions in the ion chain after the plurality of motional modes of the two or more ions is cooled by the respective laser beam.
12. The QIP system of claim 11 , wherein the beam controller is configured to control the one or more optical sources to apply the laser beam to perform sideband cooling of the identified plurality of motional modes of the two or more ions by applying in parallel at least one sequence of motional transfer pulses to the respective two or more ions in the ion chain to remove a quantum of motion from each ion by each motional transfer pulse applied.
13. The QIP system of claim 12 , wherein the one or more optical sources perform the sideband cooling by applying a sequence of repump laser pulses to reset the two or more ions before applying a next motional transfer pulse in the at least one sequence of motional transfer pulses.
14. The QIP system of claim 13 , wherein the beam controller is configured to control the one or more optical sources to generate of the sequence of repump laser pulses by generating a separate sequence of repump laser pulses for each of the two or more ions in the ion chain.
15. The QIP system of claim 14 , wherein the beam controller is configured to control the one or more optical sources to apply the sequence of repump laser pulses to reset the two or more ions before the application of the next motional transfer pulse in the sequence of motional transfer pulses includes applying the respective sequence of repump laser pulses to each of the multiple ions in the ion chain.
16. The QIP system of claim 15 , wherein the sequences of repump laser pulses for each of the two or more ions in the ion chain are asynchronous such that the repump laser pulses are not aligned across the two or more ions in the ion chain.
17. The QIP system of claim 11 , wherein the beam controller is configured to control the one or more optical sources to confine by Doppler cooling the two or more ions in the ion to reduce an amount of motion quanta.
18. The QIP system of claim 11 , wherein the beam controller is configured to control the one or more optical sources to apply a plurality of laser beams at a plurality of frequencies to the confined two or more ions, respectively, with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies being associated with a different motional mode.
19. The QIP system of claim 18 , wherein the beam controller is configured to control the one or more optical sources to apply the plurality of laser beams to the confined two or more ions, respectively, at different amounts of time.
20. The QIP system of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of motional modes include longitudinal or axial modes with respect to the ion chain, transverse or radial modes with respect to the ion chain, or a combination thereof.