Solar cell and method for manufacturing the same
A method for manufacturing a solar cell includes: forming a first photoelectric conversion part including a photoelectric conversion layer including a perovskite compound, a first transport layer, and a second transport layer; and forming a first electrode electrically connected to the first photoelectric conversion part and forming a second electrode electrically connected to the first photoelectric conversion part. The formation of the first photoelectric conversion part includes: forming a first film using a first material constituting the perovskite compound; spraying a second material constituting the perovskite compound on the first film to form a second film; performing a first heat treatment to diffuse the first film and the second film to form the perovskite compound; and performing washing to remove the residual second film residual on the perovskite compound.
1. A method for manufacturing a solar cell, comprising:
forming a first photoelectric conversion part comprising a photoelectric conversion layer, a first transport layer on one side of the photoelectric conversion layer, and a second transport layer on the other side of the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a perovskite compound; and
forming a first electrode, on one side of the first photoelectric conversion part, electrically connected to the first photoelectric conversion part and forming a second electrode, on the other side of the first photoelectric conversion part, electrically connected to the first photoelectric conversion part,
wherein the forming the first photoelectric conversion part comprising:
forming a first film using a first material constituting the perovskite compound;
spraying a second material constituting the perovskite compound on the first film to form a second film;
performing a first heat treatment to diffuse the first film and the second film to form the perovskite compound;
washing the perovskite compound to remove a portion of the second film residual on the perovskite compound; and
performing a second heat treatment on the photoelectric conversion layer after the washing step is performed to remove a portion of the second film,
wherein the second heat treatment is performed at a same temperature and for a same time length as the first heat treatment.
2. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the first film is formed by vacuum depositing the first material.
3. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 2 , wherein the forming the second film comprises:
dissolving the second material using a third material as a solvent to prepare a spray solution; and
spraying the spray solution onto the first film to form the second film.
4. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 3 , wherein the spraying the spray solution onto the first film to coat the first film is performed for at least more than once.
5. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 4 , wherein the third material is an alcoholic solvent having a viscosity below a predetermined viscosity at a room temperature.
6. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 5 , wherein the third material is comprised in a detergent that removes the second material in the washing step.
7. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein, the forming the second film comprises: forming a droplet mark on a surface of a substrate by spraying, wherein an uneven structure is formed at a boundary of the droplet mark.
8. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 7 , wherein, in the washing step, a height of the uneven structure is reduced at the boundary of the droplet mark.
9. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 8 , wherein a diameter of the droplet mark ranges from 0.1 um to 1000 um.
10. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the second film is excessively formed such that a sum of a thickness of the second film and a thickness of the first film is greater than a thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer.
11. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the first film has a thickness 0.3 to 0.8 times of a thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer.
12. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 1 , prior to forming the first photoelectric conversion part, further comprising:
forming a second photoelectric conversion part having a different material or structure from the first photoelectric conversion part,
wherein the forming the second photoelectric conversion part comprises:
forming, on a semiconductor substrate, a first conductive region composed of a first semiconductor layer formed separately with respect to the semiconductor substrate and a second conductive region composed of the first semiconductor layer formed separately with respect to the semiconductor substrate.
13. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 12 , further comprising: forming a junction layer on the second photoelectric conversion part,
wherein in the formation of the first photoelectric conversion part, the second transport layer is formed on the junction layer, the photoelectric conversion layer is formed on the second transport layer, and the first transport layer is formed on the photoelectric conversion layer.