PCB trace current sensor for energy measurement
Systems and methods for sensing current provide a Rogowski coil type current sensor for a current flow monitoring device in which the coil windings are formed by electrically conductive traces on a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate. Each coil winding is composed of two or more elongate traces formed on a PCB substrate and extending radially outward from a central opening or hole in the PCB substrate. Each trace coil winding is connected to electrically conductive vias, one via at each end of the trace. The via at one end connects the trace to another trace in coil winding, while the via at the other end connects the trace to a different trace in the same coil winding or an adjacent coil winding. The result is a conductive helix encircling the central opening in the PCB substrate that electrically resembles a Rogowski coil.
1 . A current sensor, comprising:
a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate having a central opening therein;
a plurality of electrically conductive elongate traces on the PCB substrate extending radially outward from the central opening;
a plurality of vertical interconnect access (vias) on the PCB substrate, the vias connecting the traces together so as to form a conductive helix encircling the central opening in the PCB substrate that electrically resembles a Rogowski coil; and
lead terminals on the PCB substrate, the lead terminals electrically connected to the plurality of electrically conductive elongate traces;
wherein the lead terminals are formed by omitting a given via and terminating the traces for the given via.
2 . The current sensor according to claim 1 , further comprising a signal conditioning circuit mounted on the PCB substrate, the signal conditioning circuit configured to provide signal conditioning and processing for any voltage signal outputted by the current sensor.
3 . The current sensor according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one elongate conductive trace formed on at least one internal layer of the PCB substrate, the at least one trace forming part of the conductive helix encircling the central opening in the PCB substrate.
4 . The current sensor according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the traces on the PCB substrate includes an angled or curved segment.
5 . The current sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive helix is composed of a plurality of coil windings on the PCB substrate and adjacent coil windings have different overall lengths.
6 . A current sensor according to claim 1 , wherein adjacent elongate traces on the PCB substrate have different lengths from one another and alternating elongate traces on the PCB substrate have the same length as one another.
7 . A current sensor according to claim 1 , wherein elongate traces directly opposite one another on different layers of the PCB substrate have substantially the same length as one another.
8 . A current flow monitoring device, comprising:
a current conductor in the current flow monitoring device;
a neutral conductor in the current flow monitoring device;
a PCB trace current sensor mounted in the current flow monitoring device and configured to receive the current conductor therein; and
a monitoring circuit operable to monitor the PCB trace current sensor and determine an amount of current flowing through the current conductor;
wherein the PCB trace current sensor comprises:
a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate having a central opening therein;
a plurality of electrically conductive elongate traces on the PCB substrate extending radially outward from the central opening;
a plurality of vertical interconnect access (vias) on the PCB substrate, the vias connecting the traces together so as to form a conductive helix encircling the central opening in the PCB substrate that electrically resembles a Rogowski coil; and
wherein lead terminals are formed by omitting a given via and terminating the traces for the given via.
9 . The current flow monitoring device according to claim 8 , further comprising a signal conditioning circuit mounted on the PCB substrate, the signal conditioning circuit configured to provide signal conditioning and processing for any voltage signal outputted by the current sensor.
10 . The current flow monitoring device according to claim 8 , wherein at least one of the traces on the PCB substrate includes an angled or curved segment.
11 . The current flow monitoring device according to claim 8 , wherein the conductive helix is composed of a plurality of coil windings on the PCB substrate and adjacent coil windings have different overall lengths.
12 . The current flow monitoring device according to claim 8 , wherein the monitoring circuit comprises an energy measurement circuit configured to perform energy and power usage calculations using line voltage, neutral voltage, and current signals.
13 . The current flow monitoring device according to claim 8 , wherein the current flow monitoring device is one of: an advanced function miniature circuit breaker, a ground fault interrupt (GFI) receptacle wiring device, a GFI smart plug, or a metering device.
14 . A method of providing a current sensor for use in a current flow monitoring device, the method comprising:
forming a plurality of electrically conductive elongate traces on a PCB substrate, the traces extending radially outward from a central opening of the PCB substrate;
providing a plurality of vertical interconnect access (vias) on the PCB substrate, the vias connecting the traces together so as to form a conductive helix encircling the central opening in the PCB substrate that electrically resembles a Rogowski coil; and
creating lead terminals on the PCB substrate, the lead terminals electrically connected to the plurality of electrically conductive elongate traces;
wherein the lead terminals are formed by omitting a given via and terminating the traces for the given via.
15 . The method according to claim 14 , further comprising connecting the lead terminals on the PCB substrate to a current flow monitoring device, the PCB substrate receiving therethrough a current conductor in the current flow monitoring device.
16 . The method according to claim 15 , wherein connecting the lead terminals on the PCB substrate to the current flow monitoring device comprises connecting the lead terminals to an energy measurement circuit in the current flow monitoring device configured to perform energy and power usage calculations.
17 . The method according to claim 14 , further comprising providing a signal conditioning circuit on the PCB substrate, the signal conditioning circuit configured to provide signal conditioning and processing for any voltage signal outputted by the plurality of electrically conductive elongate traces.
18 . The method according to claim 14 , further comprising forming at least one elongate conductive trace on at least one internal layer of the PCB substrate, the at least one trace forming part of the conductive helix encircling the central opening in the PCB substrate.
19 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the current flow monitoring device is one of: an advanced function miniature circuit breaker, a ground fault interrupt (GFI) receptacle wiring device, a GFI smart plug, or a metering device.