Porous implant structures
Porous biocompatible structures suitable for use as medical implants and methods for fabricating such structures are disclosed. The disclosed structures may be fabricated using rapid manufacturing techniques. The disclosed porous structures each have a plurality of struts and nodes where no more than two struts intersect one another to form a node. Further, the nodes can be straight, curved, and can include portions that are curved and/or straight. The struts and nodes can form cells that can be fused or sintered to at least one other cell to form a continuous reticulated structure for improved strength while providing the porosity needed for tissue and cell in-growth.
1. A porous structure comprising:
a plurality of struts, each strut comprising an elongated body portion between a first end and a second end, and
a plurality of nodes, wherein each node comprises an intersection of an end of a first strut and a body portion of a second strut;
wherein no more than two of the struts intersect at each node; and
wherein configurations of the struts vary randomly from strut to strut.
2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the struts are randomly straight or curved.
3. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the configurations include a cross-sectional shape of each strut that varies randomly.
4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein a first end of each strut has a first random diameter, a second end of each strut has a second random diameter and the elongated body portion of each strut has a third random diameter, wherein the first and second diameters are larger than the third diameter.
5. The structure of claim 4 , wherein the first end of each strut is a fluted end portion that flares from the third diameter to the first diameter and wherein the second end of each strut is a fluted end portion that flares from the third diameter to the second diameter.
6. The structure of claim 5 , wherein the first and second end portions flare in a parabolic fluted shape or a tapered frusto-conic shape.
7. The structure of claim 1 , wherein some or all of the struts randomly grow or shrink in cross-sectional circumference along a predetermined length of the body portion of the strut.
8. The structure of claim 1 , wherein a length of the elongated body portion of each strut varies randomly.
9. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the structure forms a polyhedral cell.
10. The structure of claim 9 , wherein the polyhedral cell is a structure having between 4 and 24 sides.
11. The structure of claim 10 , wherein struts having a curved body portion form rings or ring segments which are interconnected to form open sides or fenestrations of the polyhedral cell.
12. The structure of claim 11 , wherein one or more ring segments, alone or in combination with straight portions of struts, form a shared wall portion connecting two adjacent polyhedral cells.
13. The structure of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of open pores defined between the struts.
14. The structure of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of open pores are asymmetrical in shape.
15. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the structure is formed by a rapid manufacturing technique.
16. The structure of claim 15 , wherein the structure is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal, ceramic, metal-ceramic (cermet), glass, glass-ceramic, polymer, composite and combinations thereof.
17. The structure of claim 15 , wherein the structure is formed from a metallic powder selected from a group consisting of titanium, titanium alloy, zirconium, zirconium alloy, niobium, niobium alloy, tantalum, tantalum alloy, nickel-chromium, cobalt-chromium alloy and combinations thereof.
18. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the structure is biocompatible.