Highly aligned fiber nozzle for additive manufacturing applications
An additive manufacturing system for an additive manufacturing material and embedded short-chopped fibers includes an extruder comprising a nozzle having a nozzle flow channel. The nozzle includes a plurality of spaced apart elongated aligning structures distributed inside the nozzle flow channel and parallel to the longitudinal center axis defining alignment flow channels within the nozzle flow channel. A nozzle for additive manufacturing, a method of additive manufacturing, and a method of making a nozzle for an additive manufacturing system for and additive manufacturing material and embedded short-chopped fibers are also disclosed.
1 . An additive manufacturing system for a bead comprising an additive manufacturing material and embedded short-chopped fibers, comprising:
an extruder comprising a nozzle having a nozzle flow channel defined by a channel wall, the nozzle flow channel having a longitudinal center axis, a diameter D FC , and a length L FC , an input end and an opposing output end, the nozzle flow channel being fluidly coupled at the input end to feeding means through which additive manufacturing material and short-chopped fibers are to be provided to the extruder, the nozzle comprising a plurality of spaced apart elongated aligning structures distributed inside the nozzle flow channel and parallel to the longitudinal center axis, the aligning structures having a length L AS , a width W AS and a thickness T AS , and defining alignment flow channels within the nozzle flow channel, where the bead has a skin thickness T SK , and the alignment flow channels have a lateral dimension of from 0.1 to 2.5 T SK ;
wherein the nozzle is configured to guide a bead of the additive manufacturing material and short-chopped fibers from the input end to the output end of the nozzle flow channel through the alignment flow channels, to align the orientations of the short-chopped fiber with the longitudinal axis center axis of the channel and create an aligned bead, and extrude the aligned bead through the output end, causing the aligned bead to be deposited as part of a layer of an object being formed by the additive manufacturing system.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the nozzle flow channel is tubular.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the length of the aligning structures L AS is from 20% to 100% of the length L FC of the nozzle flow channel.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the width Was of the aligning structures is from 10% to 100% of the flow channel diameter D FC .
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the nozzle comprises 2-100 alignment flow channels.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the aligning structures are concentric tubes.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the aligning structures comprise parallel plates.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the aligning structures comprise conduits, each conduit defining an alignment flow channel, the alignment flow channels being parallel to each other.
9 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the conduits comprise adjacent polygonal conduits.
10 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the conduits comprise a plurality of adjacent tubes.
11 . A nozzle for additive manufacturing and producing a bead comprising an additive manufacturing material and embedded short-chopped fibers, comprising a nozzle flow channel defined by a channel wall, the nozzle flow channel having a longitudinal center axis, a diameter D FC , and a length L FC , an input end and an opposing output end, the nozzle comprising a plurality of spaced apart elongated aligning structures distributed inside the nozzle flow channel and parallel to the longitudinal center axis, the aligning structures having a length L AS , a width Was and a thickness T AS , and defining alignment flow channels within the nozzle flow channel, wherein when the bead has a skin thickness T SK the alignment flow channels have a lateral dimension of from 0.1 to 2.5 T SK .