Graphene-based antiviral polymer
An antiviral material is provided. The antiviral material includes a polymeric matrix and graphene particles dispersed in the polymeric matrix at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.05 wt. % to less than or equal to about 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the antiviral material, wherein the antiviral material exhibits antiviral activity. Methods of making the antiviral material and uses of the antiviral material are also provided.
1. A method of making an antiviral material, the method comprising:
(a) combining polymer particles comprising at least one of: (i) a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), (ii) a thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), (iii) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV), or combinations thereof, with graphene particles and metal oxide particles, the metal oxide particles comprising at least one of: (i) cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) particles, (ii) zinc oxide (ZnO) particles, or a combination thereof;
(b) dry blending together the polymer particles, the graphene particles, and the metal oxide particles to form a powder having a particle of selected particle sizes for slush molding; and
(c) providing the formed powder having the particle as the antiviral material configured for use in a slush rotational molding process to form an antiviral flexible skin for a molded product.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separately combining the metal oxide particles, the polymeric particles and the graphene particles.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising dispersing the graphene particles in a matrix including the polymer particles, with the graphene particles having a concentration of 0.05-10 wt. % based on a total weight of the antiviral material.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using the antiviral material to inactivate greater than or equal to 99% of viral particles in contact therewith in less than or equal to 1 hour.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer particles include the thermoplastic polyolefin, and the metal oxide particles include the cuprous oxide particles.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer particles include the thermoplastic polyurethane, and the metal oxide particles include the cuprous oxide particles.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer particles include the thermoplastic vulcanizates, and the metal oxide particles include the cuprous oxide particles.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer particles include the thermoplastic polyurethane, and the metal oxide particles include the zinc oxide particles.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
including 50-98 wt. % of the polymer particles;
including 0.05-10 wt. % of the graphene particles;
including greater than 0 to 20 wt. % of the cuprous oxide particles and/or zinc oxide particles;
hydrogrinding the combined antiviral material; and
drying the combined antiviral material in an oven.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molded product is an automotive vehicle instrument panel comprising foam between the antiviral skin and a rigid substrate.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molded product is part of an automotive vehicle component comprising: an A-pillar, a B-pillar, an airbag cover, a door trim panel, a center console, a knee bolster, a seat mechanism cover, or a sun visor.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molded product is a part of an automotive vehicle seat, a sitting bench, an exercise bench, a bicycle seat, a ski lift seat, or an airplane seat.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molded product is a floor covering or a counter top.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molded product is an exercise mat.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molded product is part of an electrical device.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product is part of a computer, a tablet, or a credit card machine.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molded product is an interior surface of an airplane cabin.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molded product is at least one component of a sports locker.
19. A method of making an antiviral material, the method comprising:
(a) combining polymer particles comprising at least one of: (i) a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), (ii) a thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), (ii) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV), or combinations thereof, with graphene particles and metal oxide particles, the metal oxide particles comprising at least one of: (i) cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) particles, (ii) zinc oxide (ZnO) particles, or a combination thereof;
(b) blending all of the polymer particles, the graphene particles, and the metal oxide particles to form a blended mixture with formed particle sizes; and
(c) providing the blended mixture as the antiviral material, wherein the blended mixture with the formed particle sizes is configured for molding as an antiviral flexible skin for a molded product.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the molding is rotational molding and the blended polymer particles, and graphene particles are a powder formed for the rotational molding.
21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising dispersing the graphene particles in a matrix including the polymer particles, with the graphene particles having a concentration of 0.05-10 wt. % based on a total weight of the antiviral material.
22. The method of claim 19 , further comprising using the antiviral material to inactivate greater than or equal to 99% of viral particles in contact therewith in less than or equal to 1 hour.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein the polymer particles include the thermoplastic polyolefin, and the metal oxide particles include the cuprous oxide particles.
24. The method of claim 19 , wherein the polymer particles include the thermoplastic polyurethane, and the metal oxide particles include the cuprous oxide particles.
25. The method of claim 19 , wherein the polymer particles include the thermoplastic vulcanizates, and the metal oxide particles include the cuprous oxide particles.
26. The method of claim 19 , wherein the polymer particles include the thermoplastic polyurethane, and the metal oxide particles include the zinc oxide particles.
27. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
including 50-98 wt. % of the polymer particles;
including 0.05-10 wt. % of the graphene particles;
including greater than 0 to 20 wt. % of the cuprous oxide particles and/or zinc oxide particles;
hydrogrinding the combined antiviral material; and
drying the combined antiviral material in an oven.
28. The method of claim 19 , wherein the molded product is an automotive vehicle instrument panel comprising foam between the antiviral skin and a rigid substrate.
29. The method of claim 19 , wherein the molded product is part of an automotive vehicle component comprising: an A-pillar, a B-pillar, an airbag cover, a door trim panel, a center console, a knee bolster, a seat mechanism cover, or a sun visor.
30. The method of claim 19 , wherein the molded product is a part of an automotive vehicle seat, a sitting bench, an exercise bench, a bicycle seat, a ski lift seat, or an airplane seat.
31. The method of claim 19 , wherein the molded product is a floor covering or a counter top.
32. The method of claim 19 , wherein the molded product is part of an electrical device.
33. The method of claim 19 , wherein the molded product is an interior surface of an airplane cabin.
34. A method of making an antiviral material, the method comprising:
combining polymer particles, graphene particles, metal oxide particles; and
dry blending the combined polymer particles, graphene particles, and metal oxide particles to form a powder having a selected particle size configured for slush molding;
wherein the metal oxide particles comprise at least one of: cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) particles, zinc oxide (ZnO) particles, or a combination thereof;
wherein the graphene particles have at most 10 layers.
35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the metal oxide particles, the polymeric material, and the graphene particles are combined separately.
36. The method of claim 34 , wherein the graphene particles carry the metal oxide particles as graphene-metal oxide complex particles, wherein the graphene-metal oxide complex particles are formed by combining the graphene particles with the metal oxide particles, and wherein the metal oxide particles comprise at least one of: cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) particles, zinc oxide (ZnO) particles, or a combination thereof.
37. The method of claim 34 , further comprising the drying blending to form the powder, and creating a molded product from the powder.
38. The method of claim 37 , further comprising creating the molded product from the powder by slush molding.
39. The method of claim 34 , further comprising:
melt compounding and extruding the polymer particles with the graphene particles to form an extruded material;
pelletizing the extruded material to form pellets; and
creating a molded product from the pellets.
40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the creating the molded product from the pellets comprises performing injection molding with the pellets to form the molded product.
41. The method of claim 39 , wherein the creating the molded product from the pellets comprises grinding the pellets to form a slush powder and performing slush molding with the slush powder to form the molded product.
42. The method of claim 34 , further comprising processing the extruded material by calendaring or casting to form a rolled sheet or a cast film, configured for subsequent cutting and thermoforming.
43. The method of claim 39 , wherein the molded product is flexible and the polymer comprises at least one of: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), or a combination thereof.
44. The method of claim 43 , wherein the polymer includes TPE which comprises at least one of: a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV), or combinations thereof; further comprising extruding the combined antiviral material, and hydrogrinding the extruded antiviral material.
45. The method of claim 34 , further comprising molding a product from the antiviral material, which is rigid and the polymer comprising at least one of: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), PC/ABS, PC/PP, a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), or combinations thereof.
46. The method of claim 34 , further comprising molding an automotive vehicle component from the antiviral material, the component including: an instrument panel, an A-pillar, a B-pillar, an airbag cover, a door trim panel, a center console, a knee bolster, a seat mechanism cover, or a sun visor.
47. The method of claim 34 , further comprising molding the antiviral material to form at least a portion of an automotive vehicle seat, a sitting bench, an exercise bench, a bicycle seat, a ski lift seat, an airplane seat, a floor covering, or a counter top.
48. The method of claim 38 , wherein the antiviral material reduces a viral load by at least 99% in contact with the molded product formed from the powder.