Acid treatment of LiNiO
Disclosed is a process for producing a battery material including contacting a first intermediate product of a battery material with an acidic medium under conditions sufficient to dissolve low-lithium-containing oxide present on a surface of the first intermediate product to obtain a second intermediate product such that a weight of the second intermediate product is 0.2% to 5% less than a weight of the first intermediate product.
1 . A process for producing a battery material, the process comprising:
contacting a first intermediate product of a battery material with an acidic medium under conditions sufficient to dissolve low-lithium-containing oxide present on a surface of the first intermediate product to obtain a second intermediate product,
wherein a weight of the second intermediate product is from about 0.2% to about 5% less than a weight of the first intermediate product, and
wherein the first intermediate product comprises Li x Ni z O 2 , wherein x ranges from about 0 to about 0.2 and z ranges from about 0.1 to about 1.
2 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein a weight of the second intermediate product is from about 1% to about 3% less than a weight of the first intermediate product.
3 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the battery material after stabilization has a ratio of a first x-ray diffraction peak intensity at a 2Θ of about 12.5° and a second x-ray diffraction peak intensity at a 2Θ of about 37.3° of 50% or less after stabilization.
4 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the battery material after stabilization has a ratio of a first x-ray diffraction peak intensity at a 2Θ of about 12.5° and a second x-ray diffraction peak intensity at a 2Θ of about 37.3° of 25% or less after stabilization.
5 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first intermediate product is Li x Ni z MO 2 , and wherein M is one or more of Co, Mn, Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf, V, Cr, Sn, Cu, Mo, W, Fe, Si, Zn, B, or a rare earth element.
6 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the conditions of contacting the first intermediate product with an acidic medium comprise a ratio of mol H+/mol of the first intermediate product of from about 0.025 to about 0.2.
7 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the conditions of contacting the first intermediate product with an acidic medium comprise a ratio of mol H+/mol of the first intermediate product of about 0.07 or less.
8 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the conditions of contacting the first intermediate product with an acidic medium comprise a temperature in a range of about 20° C. to about 150° C.
9 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the conditions of contacting the first intermediate product with an acidic medium comprise a treatment time of up to about 3 hours.
10 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first intermediate product is separated from an aqueous slurry comprising the first intermediate product and an acid prior to the contacting step.
11 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic medium comprises at least one of HCl, H 2 SO 4 , nitric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, perchloric acid, chloric acid, or a combination thereof.
12 . The process according to claim 1 , further comprising filtering the second intermediate product from the acidic medium using a membrane filter press with a gauge feed pressure ranging from about −0.5 bar to about 7 bar.
13 . The process according to claim 1 , further comprising stabilizing the second intermediate product by contacting the second intermediate product with one or more of a Bronsted base optionally selected from Ba(OH)2, Ni(OH)2, CsOH, Sr(OH)2, RbO, NaOH, LiGH, KOH, Ca(OH) 2 , or Mg(OH) 2 , or a combination thereof, to obtain the battery material.
14 . The process according to claim 13 , wherein a yield of the battery material is greater than about 90%.
15 . The process according to claim 13 , wherein the battery material is K y Li x Ni z O 2 , wherein y ranges from about 0 to about 0.3, x ranges from about 0 to about 0.2, z ranges from about 0.1 to about 1, and x+y ranges from about 0 to about 0.5.
16 . The process according to claim 13 , wherein the battery material comprises:
from about 0.7 weight % to about 1.1 weight % lithium by total weight of the battery material,
from about 50 weight % to about 70 weight % nickel by total weight of the battery material, and
from about 2 weight % to about 6 weight % potassium by total weight of the battery material.
17 . The process according to claim 13 , wherein the battery material has a tap density ranging from about 1.5 g/cm 3 to about 2.8 g/cm 3 .
18 . The process according to claim 13 , wherein the battery material has a capacity at 0.8V of from about 300 mAh/g to about 400 mAh/g.
19 . The process according to claim 13 , wherein the battery material has a capacity at 1.4V of from about 100 mAh/g to about 300 mAh/g.