Multiband reflective surface with beam steering and beam splitting functionality
The technology described herein is directed towards a multiband unit cell that is part of a reflective surface that can reflect different specific frequencies of impinging electromagnetic waves. The unit cells can have different phase profiles to facilitate beam steering and/or beam splitting functionality, independently for each specific frequency. The multiband unit cell can be a dual-band unit cell based on a straightforward unit-cell design, e.g., using diagonally arranged ring resonators as sub-cells of a supercell. Alternative design variations are also described to accommodate multi-frequency (greater than two frequency) applications. In one example implementation, the metasurface is constructed as a low-profile dual-band reflective surface with beam-steering and/or beam-splitting capabilities, e.g., utilizing only a single unit cell metal layer above a substrate. This enables precise control and manipulation of an antenna's radiation pattern, providing enhanced coverage for both frequency bands while keeping the fabrication/manufacturing costs relatively low.
1. A multiband device, comprising:
a first ring resonator comprising a first conductor having first dimensions;
a second ring resonator comprising a second conductor having second dimensions, wherein the second dimensions are different from the first dimensions;
a third ring resonator comprising a third conductor having the second dimensions; and
a fourth ring resonator comprising a fourth conductor having the first dimensions,
wherein the first conductor, the second conductor, the third conductor and the fourth conductor are not in physical contact with one another, and are distributed in a geometric pattern relative to one another,
wherein the first ring resonator and the fourth ring resonator resonate at a first resonating frequency corresponding to the first dimensions in response to a first electromagnetic wave of the first resonating frequency impinging on the multiband device, and
wherein the second ring resonator and the third ring resonator resonate at a second frequency corresponding to the second dimensions in response to a second electromagnetic wave of the second resonating frequency impinging on the multiband device.
2. The multiband device of claim 1 , wherein the multiband device forms a unit cell having a first phase profile corresponding to the first dimensions that reflects the first electromagnetic wave of the first resonating frequency as a first beam in a first beam direction, and has a second phase profile corresponding to the second dimensions that reflects the second electromagnetic wave of the second resonating frequency as a second beam in a second beam direction.
3. The multiband device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductor, the second conductor, the third conductor and the fourth conductor are distributed atop a substrate on a single surface, and wherein the multiband device comprises a metallic layer beneath the substrate.
4. The multiband device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductor, the second conductor, the third conductor and the fourth conductor have substantially square shapes.
5. The multiband device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductor is diagonally arranged relative to the fourth conductor, linearly arranged relative to the second conductor and linearly arranged relative to the third conductor, wherein the second conductor is diagonally arranged relative to the third conductor, and linearly arranged relative to the fourth conductor, and wherein the third conductor is linearly arranged relative to the fourth conductor.
6. The multiband device of claim 1 , wherein the multiband device is a dual-band device with a first band corresponding to the first resonating frequency and a second band corresponding to the second resonating frequency.
7. The multiband device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a fifth ring resonator comprising a fifth conductor having third dimensions, wherein the third dimensions are different from the first dimensions and the second dimensions;
a sixth ring resonator comprising a sixth conductor having fourth dimensions, wherein the fourth dimensions are different from the third dimensions;
a seventh ring resonator comprising a seventh conductor having the fourth dimensions; and
an eighth ring resonator comprising an eighth conductor having the third dimensions,
wherein the fifth conductor, the sixth conductor, the seventh conductor and the eighth conductor are not in contact with one another,
wherein the fifth ring resonator and the eighth ring resonator resonate at a third resonating frequency corresponding to the third dimensions in response to a third electromagnetic wave of the third resonating frequency impinging on the multiband device, and
wherein the sixth ring resonator and the seventh ring resonator resonate at a fourth frequency corresponding to the fourth dimensions in response to a fourth electromagnetic wave of the fourth resonating frequency impinging on the multiband device.
8. The multiband device of claim 7 , wherein the geometric pattern is a first geometric pattern, and wherein the first conductor, the second conductor, the third conductor and the fourth conductor are distributed in the first geometric pattern on a first layer of the multiband device, and wherein the fifth conductor, the sixth conductor, the seventh conductor, and the eighth conductor are distributed in a second geometric pattern on a second layer of the multiband device.
9. The multiband device of claim 8 , wherein the multiband device is a four-band device with a first band corresponding to the first resonating frequency, a second band corresponding to the second resonating frequency, a third band corresponding to the third resonating frequency, and a fourth band corresponding to the fourth resonating frequency.
10. The multiband device of claim 1 , wherein the multiband device comprises a unit cell of a group of unit cells of a reflective surface.
11. The multiband device of claim 10 , wherein the unit cell comprises a first phase profile corresponding to the first dimensions that reflects the first electromagnetic wave of the first frequency as a first beam, and a second phase profile corresponding to the second dimensions that reflects the second electromagnetic wave of the second frequency as a second beam, wherein the first beam constructively interferes with respective other beams of respective other unit cells, other than the unit cell, to steer a first combined beam of the first frequency in a first beam direction, and wherein the second beam constructively interferes with respective beams of respective other unit cells, other than the unit cell, to steer a second combined beam of the second frequency in a second beam direction.
12. The multiband device of claim 10 , wherein the unit cell comprises a first phase profile corresponding to the first dimensions that reflects the first electromagnetic wave of the first frequency as a first beam, and a second phase profile corresponding to the second dimensions that reflects the second electromagnetic wave of the second frequency as a second beam, wherein the first beam constructively interferes with respective other beams of respective other unit cells, other than the unit cell, to steer a first combined beam of the first frequency in a first beam direction, and wherein the second beam constructively interferes with respective beams of respective other unit cells, other than the unit cell, to split into at least two beams of the second frequency in at least two beam directions.
13. A unit cell, comprising:
a first pair of ring resonators comprising a first conductor and a fourth conductor, the first conductor and the fourth conductor having first dimensions that determine a first resonating frequency of the first pair of ring resonators; and
a second pair of ring resonators comprising a second conductor and a third conductor, the second conductor and the third conductor having second dimensions that determine a second resonating frequency of the second pair of ring resonators, wherein the first frequency and the second resonating frequency are different from one another,
wherein, on the unit cell,
the first conductor is diagonally arranged relative to the fourth conductor, linearly arranged relative to the second conductor and linearly arranged relative to the third conductor,
the second conductor is diagonally arranged relative to the third conductor, and linearly arranged relative to the fourth conductor, and
the third conductor is linearly arranged relative to the fourth conductor, and
wherein the unit cell has a first phase profile, corresponding to the first pair of ring resonators, that reflects a first electromagnetic wave at the first resonating frequency in a first direction, and has a second phase profile, corresponding to the second pair of ring resonators, that reflects a second electromagnetic wave at the second resonating frequency in a second direction.
14. The unit cell of claim 13 , wherein the first conductor, the second conductor, the third conductor and the fourth conductor are distributed atop a substrate on a single surface, and wherein the unit cell comprises a metallic layer below the substrate.
15. The unit cell of claim 13 , wherein the unit cell is one unit cell of a group of unit cells of a reflective surface.
16. The unit cell of claim 13 , wherein the unit cell is one unit cell of group of respective unit cells of a reflective surface, and wherein the reflective surface steers a first beam of the first frequency in a first beam direction, and steers a second beam of the second frequency in a second beam direction.
17. The unit cell of claim 13 , wherein the unit cell is one unit cell of group of respective unit cells of a reflective surface, and wherein the reflective surface splits beams comprising a first beam of the first frequency steered in a first beam direction and a second beam of the first frequency steered in a second beam direction that is different from the first beam direction.
18. A device, comprising:
a reflective surface, the reflective surface comprising respective unit cells arranged on a single plane, the respective unit cells comprising a unit cell, and
the unit cell comprising a first pair of sub-cells comprising a first conductor and a fourth conductor, the first conductor and the fourth conductor having first dimensions that determine a first resonating frequency of the first pair of sub-cells; and
a second pair of sub-cells comprising a second conductor and a third conductor, the second conductor and the third conductor having second dimensions that determine a second resonating frequency of the second sub-cells, wherein the first frequency and the second resonating frequency are different from one another,
wherein, on the unit cell,
the first conductor is diagonally arranged relative to the fourth conductor, linearly arranged relative to the second conductor and linearly arranged relative to the third conductor,
the second conductor is diagonally arranged relative to the third conductor, and linearly arranged relative to the fourth conductor, and
the third conductor is linearly arranged relative to the fourth conductor, and
wherein the unit cell has a first phase profile, corresponding to the first pair of sub-cells, that reflects a first electromagnetic wave at the first resonating frequency in a first direction, and has a second phase profile, corresponding to the second pair of sub-cells, that reflects a second electromagnetic wave at the second resonating frequency in a second direction.
19. The device of claim 18 , wherein the reflective surface steers a first beam of the first frequency in a first beam direction, and steers a second beam of the second frequency in a second beam direction.
20. The device of claim 18 , wherein the reflective surface operates as a beam-splitting device to steer a first beam of the first frequency in a first beam direction, and steer a second beam of the first frequency in a second beam direction that is different from the first beam direction.