Duplex stainless steel and formed object thereof
A corrosion resistant duplex stainless steel (ferritic austenitic alloy) is suitable for use in a plant for the production of urea. Uses of the corrosion resistant duplex stainless steel include in objects made of said duplex stainless steel, in methods for the production of urea, in a plant for the production of urea comprising one or more parts made from said duplex stainless steel, and in methods of modifying an existing plant for the production of urea. In one aspect, the composition consists of in weight % (wt %): C 0.010 to 0.015; S 0.08 to 0.23; Mn 1.0 to 1.05; Cr 29.07 to 29.92; Ni 5.76 to 7.17; Mo 3.0 to 4.0; W max 2.55; N 0.3 to 0.35; Cu max 0.01; S max 0.008; P max 0.008; at least one of Ti, Nb, Hf, Ca, Ba, V, and B max 0.5 total; balance Fe and unavoidable occurring impurities.
1. A duplex stainless steel, having a composition consisting of in weight % (wt %):
C 0.010 to 0.015;
Si 0.08 to 0.23;
Mn 1.0 to 1.05;
Cr 29.07 to 29.92;
Ni 5.76 to 7.17;
Mo 3.0 to 4.0;
N 0.3 to 0.35;
S max 0.008;
P max 0.008;
at least one of Ti, Nb, Hf, Ca, Ba, V, and B max 0.5 total; and
balance Fe and unavoidable occurring impurities,
wherein sigma phase is max 0.5 wt %,
wherein the duplex stainless steel has an austenite spacing of 1.2 microns,
wherein the duplex stainless steel has a corrosion rate of 0.191 mm/year,
wherein the corrosion rate is evaluated on a sample of the duplex stainless steel in an oxygen-free carbamate solution at a temperature of 210° C. for 14 days, and
wherein the sample is in the form of a coupon having dimensions of 20×10×3 mm obtained from a 5 mm strip produced by hot warming to 1200° C. and cold rolling at room temperature with intermediate annealing at 1100° C. and final annealing at 1070° C., and surfaces of the sample were machined and finished by wet grinding.
2. The duplex stainless steel according to claim 1 , wherein sigma phase is max 0.05 wt %.
3. The duplex stainless steel according to claim 1 , wherein the duplex stainless steel is substantially free of intermetallic phase.
4. A formed object, comprising the duplex stainless steel according to claim 1 .
5. The formed object according to claim 4 , wherein said formed object is a tube.