Hybrid systems and methods for managing thermal energy
In one aspect, thermal energy storage systems are described herein. In some embodiments, such a system includes at least one active thermal storage battery and at least one passive thermal storage battery. The at least one active thermal storage battery includes a container, a heat exchanger disposed within the container, and a first phase change material disposed within the container and in thermal contact with the heat exchanger. The at least one passive thermal storage battery comprises a plurality of thermal storage cells, individual thermal storage cells comprising a container having an interior volume, and a second phase change material disposed within the interior volume of the container.
1. A method of managing the temperature of a room, the method comprising
(a) arranging a thermal energy management system in thermal communication with an interior of a room, the thermal energy management system comprising
(i) an active thermal storage battery comprising
(A) an insulated container defining an interior volume,
(B) a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of heat exchange plates disposed within the interior volume of the container, and
(C) a first phase change material disposed within the interior volume of the insulated container and in thermal contact with the plurality of heat exchange plates of the heat exchanger, and
(ii) at least one passive thermal storage battery comprising a plurality of thermal storage cells, each individual thermal storage cell comprising
(A) a container having an interior volume, and
(B) a second phase change material disposed within the interior volume of the container without a heat exchanger being disposed therein, wherein an exterior surface of the container defines one or more openings for air flow through the container between opposite sides of the container for heat exchange directly between the air flow and the exterior surface of the container; and
(b) initiating a discharging state to maintain or reduce a temperature of the interior of the room by changing the first phase change material from a first phase of the first phase change material to a second phase of the first phase change material, including causing a fluid to flow through the heat exchange plates and between the heat exchanger and a fan coil connected in fluid communication with the heat exchanger.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein initiating the discharging state is performed by a thermostat when the temperature of the room meets or exceeds a first setpoint temperature.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a powered component that is powered by a traditional power grid in a charging state of the active thermal storage battery and that is powered by an electric battery in the discharging state; and wherein initiating the discharging state is performed by an electronic switch when changing from the traditional power grid to the electric battery.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising changing the phase of the second phase change material from a first phase to a second phase by exposing the second phase change material to an ambient temperature of the room above a phase change temperature of the second phase change material.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising changing the phase of the second phase change material from a first phase to a second phase by exposing the second phase change material to an ambient temperature of the room below a phase change temperature of the second phase change material by causing air to flow through the openings in the container for heat exchange with the exterior surface of the container.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising initiating the charging state to maintain the first phase change material in a first phase of the first phase change material or to revert the phase change material from a second phase the first phase change material to the first phase the first phase change material.