Personal aircraft
A safe, quiet, easy to control, efficient, and compact aircraft configuration is enabled through the combination of multiple vertical lift rotor assemblies, tandem wings, and forward thrust propellers. The vertical lift rotor assemblies, in combination with a front and rear wing, permits a balancing of the center of lift with the center of gravity for both vertical and horizontal flight. This wing and multiple rotor system has the ability to tolerate a relatively large variation of the payload weight for hover, transition, or cruise flight while also providing vertical thrust redundancy. The propulsion system uses multiple lift rotor assemblies and forward thrust propellers of a small enough size to be shielded from potential blade strike and provide increased perceived and real safety to the passengers. Using multiple independent rotor assemblies provides redundancy and the elimination of single point failure modes that can make the vehicle non-operable in flight.
1. A method performed by a flight computer for controlling an aircraft to transition between vertical flight and forward flight, the method comprising:
activating a plurality of lift rotor assemblies coupled to an aircraft for vertical takeoff,
wherein the plurality of lift rotor assemblies include a first set of lift rotor assemblies located at a first side of the aircraft and a second set of lift rotor assemblies located at a second side of the aircraft,
wherein at least one of the first set of lift rotor assemblies has a first cant and at least one of the second set of lift rotor assemblies has a second cant, the second cant having an angle different from the first cant;
activating a forward propeller generating a forward speed; and
deactivating the plurality of lift rotor assemblies when the forward speed of the aircraft is greater than a stall speed of the aircraft.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
determining that the aircraft has reached a predetermined altitude, wherein the forward propeller is activated based on reaching the predetermination altitude.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
when the forward speed of the aircraft is less than or equal to the stall speed of the aircraft:
determining an amount of required lift; and
adjusting power to the plurality of lift rotor assemblies to achieve the amount of required lift.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
independently controlling an amount of thrust provided by each of the plurality of lift rotor assemblies according to a difference between a current orientation of the aircraft and a desired orientation of the aircraft.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first set of lift rotor assemblies has a third cant, the third cant having an angle different from the first cant.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein equal power is applied to each of the plurality of lift rotor assemblies during the vertical takeoff.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a power applied to a first lift rotor assembly among the plurality of lift rotor assemblies is different than the power applied to a second lift rotor assembly during the vertical takeoff.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
after deactivating the plurality of lift rotor assemblies:
determining a transition from forward flight to vertical flight is required;
reducing trust of the forward propeller;
activating the plurality of lift rotor assemblies for the vertical flight; and
stopping the forward propeller.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the transition from the forward flight to the vertical flight is determined based on a predetermined flight trajectory.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
receiving sensor data from one or more sensors coupled to the aircraft, wherein the sensor data indicates one or more of a position, an altitude, attitude or a velocity of the aircraft;
determining an amount of thrust required from each of the plurality of lift rotor assemblies; and
independently controlling each of the plurality of lift rotor assemblies based on the amount of thrust required from each of the plurality of lift rotor assemblies to achieve a desired orientation of the aircraft.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
determining an amount of forward thrust required from the forward propeller; and
controlling the forward propeller to produce the amount of forward thrust.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
storing one or more programmed trajectories for ascent and descent of the aircraft.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of lift rotor assemblies and the forward propeller are driven by respective electric motors that are powered by a power system.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the power system is electric.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the power system is hybrid-electric.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein each lift rotor assembly comprises a rotor and a motor.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein wings of the aircraft is folded during vertical takeoff, the method further comprising:
determining that the aircraft has reached a predetermined altitude; and
unfolding the wings of the aircraft when the aircraft has reached the predetermined altitude prior to activating the forward propeller.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aircraft is an autonomous aircraft configured for flight without a pilot onboard.
19. An aircraft comprising:
the flight computer configured to control the aircraft according to the method of claim 1 .
20. An aircraft comprising:
a fuselage;
a first plurality of lift rotor assemblies coupled to a first side of the fuselage, at least one of the first plurality of lift rotor assemblies having a first cant and at least one of the first plurality of lift rotor assemblies having a second cant, the second cant having an angle different from the first cant;
a second plurality of lift rotor assemblies coupled to a second side of the fuselage, at least one of the second plurality of lift rotor assemblies having a third cant and at least one of the second plurality of lift rotor assemblies having a fourth cant, the fourth cant having an angle different from the third cant,
a propeller coupled to the fuselage for providing forward thrust; and
a flight computer, coupled to the fuselage, and configured to transition the aircraft between a forward flight and a vertical flight by activating and deactivating one or more of the first plurality of lift rotor assemblies, the second plurality of lift rotor assemblies or the propeller.