Methods of Treating Testosterone Deficiency

1 - 30 . (canceled)

31 . A method of treating one or more conditions associated with a deficiency or absence of endogenous testosterone in a subject, comprising:

administering a defined dose of testosterone undecanoate to the subject in an oral pharmaceutical composition twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening, wherein the defined dose is 237 mg of testosterone undecanoate;

measuring serum testosterone concentration in the subject at steady state after at least seven days of daily administration of the defined dose and 6 hours after administration of a morning dose; and

either:

increasing the defined dose of testosterone undecanoate to 316 mg when the measured serum testosterone concentration is less than about 425 ng/dL, maintaining the defined dose of testosterone undecanoate when the measured serum testosterone concentration is between about 425 ng/dl and about 970 ng/dL; or

decreasing the defined dose of testosterone undecanoate to 198 mg when the measured serum testosterone concentration is greater than about 970 ng/dL;

wherein the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises the testosterone undecanoate solubilized in a carrier comprising at least one lipophilic surfactant and at least one hydrophilic surfactant.

32 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the measuring is performed from serum collected in a plain tube.

33 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the one or more conditions are selected from primary hypogonadism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

34 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the one or more conditions is hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by gonadotropin or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) deficiency or pituitary-hypothalamic injury from tumors, trauma, or radiation.

35 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the defined dose of testosterone undecanoate is increased to 316 mg and the method further comprises:

remeasuring the serum testosterone concentration in the subject at steady state after at least seven days of daily administration of the increased defined dose of 316 mg and 6 hours after administration of a morning dose; and

either:

increasing the defined dose of testosterone undecanoate to 396 mg when the serum testosterone concentration is less than about 425 ng/dL;

maintaining the defined dose of testosterone undecanoate when the measured serum testosterone concentration is between about 425 ng/dl and about 970 ng/dL; or

decreasing the defined dose of testosterone undecanoate to 237 mg when the serum testosterone concentration is greater than about 970 ng/dL.

36 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the defined dose of testosterone undecanoate is decreased to 198 mg and the method further comprises:

remeasuring the serum testosterone concentration in the subject at steady state after at least seven days of daily administration of the decreased defined dose of 198 mg and 6 hours after administration of a morning dose; and either:

increasing the defined dose of testosterone undecanoate to 237 mg when the serum testosterone concentration is less than about 425 ng/dL;

maintaining the defined dose of testosterone undecanoate when the measured serum testosterone concentration is between about 425 ng/dL and about 970 ng/dL; or

decreasing the defined dose of testosterone undecanoate to 158 mg when the serum testosterone concentration is greater than about 970 ng/dL.

37 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the ratio (w/w) in the composition of total lipophilic surfactant to total hydrophilic surfactant is in the range of about 6:1 to about 3.5:1.

38 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the lipophilic surfactant is a fatty acid.

39 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the hydrophilic surfactant is a hydrogenated castor oil ethoxylate.

40 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises a digestible oil.

41 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the lipophilic surfactant is oleic acid and the hydrophilic surfactant is polyoxyethylene (40) hydrogenated castor oil.

42 . The method of claim 41 , wherein the oral pharmaceutical composition further comprises borage seed oil and peppermint oil.

43 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises about 18-22% (w/w) testosterone undecanoate.

44 . The method of claim 43 , wherein the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises about 50-70% (w/w) lipophilic surfactant and about 5-20% (w/w) hydrophilic surfactant.

45 . The method of claim 44 , wherein the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises about 50-70% (w/w) oleic acid and about 5-20% (w/w) polyoxyethylene (40) hydrogenated castor oil.

46 . The method of claim 45 , wherein the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises about 50-70% (w/w) oleic acid, about 5-20% (w/w) polyoxyethylene (40) hydrogenated castor oil and about 10-15% (w/w) digestible oil.

47 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises about 50-70% (w/w) oleic acid, about 5-20% (w/w) polyoxyethylene (40) hydrogenated castor oil and about 10-15% (w/w) digestible oil comprising borage seed oil and peppermint oil.