SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR E-MAIL RENDERING

1 . A method for rendering e-mails, the method comprising:

receiving a first file, wherein the first file comprises an e-mail written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the email comprising styling information, non-styling information, one or more contents, and one or more tags;

determining a display structure of the e-mail in the first file, wherein determining the display structure is based at least in part on identifying the styling information in the email;

accessing a Document Object Model (DOM) structure of the first file, wherein the DOM structure comprises a plurality of nodes;

creating a second file, wherein the second file comprises a first object, and wherein the second file is created by:

parsing the DOM structure into the first object; and

wherein identifying the styling information is further based on parsing the DOM structure into the first object;

converting the first object into a first markup language (ML) format, wherein the converting comprises:

creating a third file in the first ML format, the third file comprising one or more first ML blocks; and

storing the styling information into the one or more first ML blocks;

processing the one or more first ML blocks to create a plurality of second ML components in a second ML format;

identifying a mapping between the first file and the plurality of second ML components;

creating a fourth file, the fourth file comprising an HTML format, wherein the fourth file is created based on the mapping; and

rendering and displaying the fourth file in one or more email clients.