Laminated glass and its use
A laminate includes at least two sheets, one of the at least two sheets including a colored glass and another of the at least two sheets being a further sheet. The sheet including the colored glass in a wavelength range from 875 nm to 1600 nm has an internal transmittance at at least one wavelength of at least 75%. A connecting layer is disposed between the at least two sheets. The laminate has a thickness of at most 6 mm. The laminate in a wavelength range from 400 to 700 nm has an average transmittance τ avg,400 nm to 700 nm of less than 15% where τ avg,400 nm to 700 nm is defined as τ a v g , 400 nm - 700 nm = ∫ 400 nm 700 nm τ d λ 700 nm - 400 nm and/or at each wavelength has a spectral transmittance of less than 15%.
1. A laminate, comprising:
at least two sheets, one of the at least two sheets comprising a colored glass and another of the at least two sheets comprising a further sheet, wherein the sheet comprising the colored glass in a wavelength range from 875 nm to 1600 nm has an internal transmittance at at least one wavelength of at least 75%; and
a connecting layer disposed between the at least two sheets, the laminate having a thickness of at most 6 mm, and wherein the laminate in a wavelength range from 400 to 700 nm has an average transmittance τ avg,400 nm to 700 nm of less than 15% where τ avg,400 nm to 700 nm is defined as
τ
a
v
g
,
400
nm
-
700
nm
=
∫
400
nm
700
nm
τ
d
λ
700
nm
-
400
nm
and/or at each wavelength has a spectral transmittance of less than 15%.
2. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the laminate is at least 1 mm.
3. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the laminate at each wavelength has a spectral transmittance of less than less than 1%.
4. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the further sheet comprises at least one of a glass, a borosilicate glass, a toughened soda-lime glass, a chemically toughened soda-lime glass, an aluminium silicate glass, a chemically toughened aluminium silicate glass, a lithium aluminium silicate glass, or a chemically toughened lithium aluminium silicate glass.
5. The laminate of claim 1 , further comprising a connecting layer comprising a polymer that is disposed between the at least two sheets.
6. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the colored glass comprises the following components in cation %:
silicon 30-80;
boron 0-20;
aluminium 0-2;
sodium 5-35;
potassium 2-25;
nickel 0-0.5;
chromium 0-0.5; and
cobalt 0.03-0.5;
wherein Σsodium+potassium is 15-50, Σnickel+chromium is 0.1-0.5, and a ratio of the sum total of sodium and potassium to the sum total of nickel and cobalt is subject to: Σsodium+potassium/Σnickel+cobalt=70:1 to 200:1.
7. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the colored glass comprises the following components in cation %:
silicon 40-80;
boron 0-20;
aluminium 0-25;
sodium 2-22;
potassium 0.1-10;
chromium 0.05-0.5; and
cobalt 0.03-0.5;
wherein Σsodium+potassium=10-25, Σchromium+cobalt=0.15-0.55, and a ratio of the sum total of sodium and potassium to the sum total of nickel and cobalt is subject to: Σsodium+potassium/Σnickel+cobalt=25:1-150:1.
8. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the colored glass comprises a composition with the following components in wt %:
SiO 2 50-80;
Al 2 O 3 0-10;
B 2 O 3 0-15;
Li 2 O 0-20;
Na 2 O 0-20;
K 2 O 0-25;
BaO 0-10;
CaO 0-10;
MgO 0-10;
ZnO 0-10;
La 2 O 3 0-20;
TiO 2 0-5;
Cl 0-3;
MnO 2 1.0-5.0; and
Cr 2 O 3 0.2-3;
wherein ΣNa 2 O+K 2 O+Li 2 O=5-30.
9. The laminate of claim 8 , wherein the composition of the colored glass meets at least one of the following conditions:
ΣMnO 2 +Cr 2 O 3 =2.7-8; or
MnO 2 /CrO 3 =1.5:1 to 12.5:1.
10. The laminate of claim 1 , further comprising a second further sheet comprising glass, wherein the sheet comprising the colored glass is disposed between the further sheet and the second further sheet.
11. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the sheet comprising the colored glass has a coefficient of thermal expansion α −30° C. to 70° C. of between 7*10 −6 /K and 11*10 −6 /K.
12. The laminate of claim 11 , wherein an amount of a difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sheet comprising a colored glass and a coefficient of thermal expansion of the further sheet is at most 8*10 −6 /K.
13. The laminate of claim 12 , wherein the amount of the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sheet comprising a colored glass and a coefficient of thermal expansion of the further sheet is less than 6*10 −6 /K.
14. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the further sheet comprises a borosilicate glass.
15. The laminate of claim 14 , wherein the borosilicate glass is at least one of a floated borosilicate glass, a drawn borosilicate glass, or a polished borosilicate glass.
16. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the further sheet comprises elevations on one of the surfaces of the further sheet, wherein the elevations are elongate elevations which each elevate substantially in a normal direction and which have a longitudinal extent greater than two times a corresponding transverse extent of the elevation and have a height which on average, adjusted to exclude wedge-shaped fluctuations in thickness and bulges and on arithmetic averaging of an analysis area of 10*10 cm 2 , is less than 100 nm and for which the transverse extent of the elevation is in each case less than 40 mm.
17. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the laminate has a thermal stability of at least 70° C. for at least 50 hours.
18. The laminate of claim 17 , wherein the thermal stability is up to 120° C. for at least 0.5 hours.