Biologically-derived carbon black alternative and method of making the same
Disclosed is a method for producing a carbon black pigment from a microbial biomass. In certain aspects, the method involves providing a microbial biomass solution with a plurality microbial cells in an aqueous solvent; nucleating the plurality of microbial cells by adding a first soluble ion to the microbial biomass solution; initiating crystal formation in and/or on the plurality of microbial cells by adding a second soluble ion to the microbial biomass solution, forming a plurality of crystal encrusted microbial cells, where the charge of the first soluble ion is the opposite of the charge of the second soluble ion and where the crystals are formed from precipitation of the first and second ions; and performing thermal processing of the plurality of crystal encrusted microbial cells to form a charred biomass; washing the charred biomass to form a microbechar.
1. A method for producing a pigment from a microbial biomass comprising:
forming a plurality of crystal encrusted microbial cells from a microbial biomass solution comprising a plurality microbial cell; and
performing thermal processing of the plurality of crystal encrusted microbial cells to form a charred biomass.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crystals of the plurality of crystal encrusted microbial cells are comprised of at least a first ion and a second ion.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein first ion is a cation.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first ion is a cation, and the second ion is an anion.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cation is calcium.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the anion phosphate.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein first ion and second ion are present at a stoichiometric ratio.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of crystal encrusted microbes are formed by nucleating the plurality of microbial cells by the first ion to the microbial biomass solution and wherein the nucleating step further comprises performing a nucleation incubation by incubating the first ion with plurality of microbial cells for a period of from about 5 minutes to about two hours.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the incubation step further comprises heating the microbial biomass solution to a temperature from about 32° C. to about 65° C.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the incubation step further comprises agitating the microbial biomass solution.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the agitating step is performed through sheer mixing the microbial biomass solution at about 2000 RPM for about two minutes.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of crystal encrusted microbial cells formation step further comprises crystallization incubation by incubating the nucleated microbial biomass solution with the second ion for a period of from about 5 minutes to about two hours.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of crystal encrusted microbes has cell surface crystal formation and/or wherein the plurality of crystal encrusted microbes has cell intracellular crystal formation.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbial biomass is comprised of a plurality of prokaryotic cells, wherein the average cell size of the prokaryotic cells is below about 50 μm.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbial biomass is dried at temperature of from about 30° C. and about 300° C., prior to the thermal processing step and wherein the microbial biomass is dried until moisture content is reduced to below about 15%.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal processing step is performed until the charred biomass is comprised of fixed carbon of from about 20% to about 70%.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal processing step is performed until the concentration of oxygen is from about 10 and 15%.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wash of the charred biomass is an acid wash wherein the acid wash comprises reducing the pH of the charred biomass to below about 2 for a time interval from about 1 minute to about 1 hour.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising washing the charred biomass in water following the acid wash and wherein the acid wash and subsequent water wash produces a porous microbechar.
20. A method for producing a pigment from a microbial biomass comprising:
performing thermal processing of the microbial biomass, wherein the microbial biomass comprises a plurality of crystal encrusted microbial cells to form a charred biomass; and
washing of the charred biomass is an acid wash to form a microbechar.