Multi-channel real-time phase modulation for EMI reduction in an ultrasound device
Methods for reducing electromagnetic interference arising from use of multiple ultrasound transducers in an array, particularly inside a human body that is inside a magnetic resonance imaging device. Electrical signals driving the transducers are offset in phase with respect to one another so as to achieve maximum offset of electrical and magnetic fields arising from such signals and transducers. Phase offsets are dynamically adjusted to respond to changes in driving amplitudes and frequencies so as to maintain optimal reduction of electromagnetic interference.
1. A method of reducing electromagnetic interference arising from a set of ultrasound transducers that are part of an array of ultrasound transducers in a thermal therapy apparatus, the set comprising N transducers, each transducer in the set corresponding to an active channel and being electrically driven with a driving signal at an amplitude, a frequency, and a phase angle, the frequencies of the driving signals being the same for all transducers in the set, the method comprising a determination and setting of the phase angles θ 1 , θ 2 , . . . , θ N of each driving signal, the determination and setting of such phase angles comprising:
determining the amplitudes A 1 , A 2 , . . . , A N of the respective driving signals of each transducer, each amplitude being a nonnegative real number;
determining whether one of the amplitudes A m is greater than the sum of all the amplitudes other than A m , A 1 +A 2 + . . . +A m−1 +A m+1 + . . . +A N ;
if A m is greater or equal to the sum of all the amplitudes other than A m , setting θ m =180° and setting θ 1 =0° for all i not equal to m;
if A m is less than the sum of all the amplitudes other than A m :
determining a vector P , such vector comprising N elements, each such element being either 1 or −1, such that a scalar product of P and a vector [A 1 , A 2 , . . . , A N ] comprising all the amplitudes is nonnegative and is not greater in magnitude than a magnitude of a scalar product of any other possible vector comprising N elements, each such element being either 1 or −1, and the vector [A 1 , A 2 , . . . , A N ] comprising all of the amplitudes;
defining a vector Ō comprising N elements, such that each element O i is equal to the product of P i and A i , for i=1,2, . . . , N;
determining a first positive element of Ō, O a , that is not less than any other element of Ō;
determining a second positive element of Ō, O b , that is not less than any other element of Ōsave O a ;
defining a quantity γ as the absolute value of the sum of all elements of Ō save O a and O b ; and
setting θ a and θ b as:
θ
a
=
-
cos
-
1
O
a
2
+
γ
2
-
O
b
2
2
O
a
γ
θ
b
=
cos
-
1
O
b
2
+
γ
2
-
O
a
2
2
O
b
γ
and for all θ i , other than θ a and θ b , setting θ i =cos −1 O i .
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the array of ultrasound transducers is deployed inside a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the array of ultrasound transducers is deployed for the purpose of applying conformal thermal therapy to a human patient.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amplitudes and frequencies are updated at intervals, and the determination and setting of such phase angles is repeated at each such interval based on new amplitudes and frequencies resulting from such updates.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein updating the amplitudes and frequencies comprises adding one or more ultrasound transducers in the array to the set and/or removing one or more ultrasound transducers from the set.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the setting of phase angles of the driving signals in connection with an update of the amplitudes and frequencies is implemented in the driving signals concurrently with an implementation of the new amplitudes and frequencies in the driving signals.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the driving signals are sinusoidal signals.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determination of the vector P is affected by computing respective scalar products of the vector [A 1 , A 2 , . . . , A N ] with each of a set of every possible vector comprising N elements, each of which is either 1 or −1, or with a subset of such set of elements, and comparing results of the scalar products.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determination of the vector P is effected by applying an optimization algorithm.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the array of ultrasound transducers is a linear array.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the array of ultrasound transducers is a focused array.