Carbon dioxide sequestration with magnesium hydroxide and regeneration of magnesium hydroxide
Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods of removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream using magnesium hydroxide and then regenerating the magnesium hydroxide. In some embodiments, the systems and methods can further comprise using the waste heat from one or more gas streams to provide some or all of the heat needed to drive the reactions. In some embodiments, magnesium chloride is primarily in the form of magnesium chloride dihydrate and is fed to a decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxychloride, which is in turn fed to a second decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxide.
1. A method for sequestering carbon dioxide comprising:
(a) heating a MgCl 2 hydrate-containing material to form step (a) products comprising water, Mg(OH)Cl, and HCl;
(b) reacting the Mg(OH)Cl with water to form Mg(OH) 2 and HCl; and
(c) reacting the Mg(OH) 2 with CO 2 and CaCl 2 to form MgCl 2 , CaCO 3 , and water.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium chloride-containing material of step (a) comprises substantially magnesium chloride dihydrate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) is performed in a first stage reactor of a two-stage decomposition reactor, and the first stage reactor is heated to a temperature between 250° C. and 400° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) is performed in a second stage reactor of a two-stage decomposition reactor, and the second stage reactor is heated to a temperature between 380° C. and 500° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , where the water in the second stage reactor of the two-stage decomposition reactor is provided as steam at a temperature between 350° C. to 450° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (c) products are in a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising an aqueous solution of at least 50% by weight of magnesium chloride.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a solid phase step (c) product comprises calcium carbonate.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (c) liquid phase comprises a molar ratio of water to magnesium chloride of less than 4.5 to 1.
9. The method of claim 6 , further comprising separating at least a portion of the calcium carbonate formed in step (c) from the liquid phase in a solid liquid separator.
10. The method of claim 6 , further comprising removing a portion of water from the liquid phase in a dryer to provide a product having a molar ratio of water to magnesium chloride of about 2 to 1.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the dryer is configured to form magnesium chloride dihydrate.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising employing the formed magnesium chloride dihydrate as the magnesium chloride-containing material of step (a).