IP Library Granted Patent US 12,536,473
Granted Patent B2
US 12,536,473 · App. 18/481,944 · Granted Jan 27, 2026

Handoff sequence for city nodes

Inventors: Imad Zahid (Carrollton, TX); Sumit K. Jha (Frisco, TX); Anil Nagpal (Plano, TX); Joshua C. Batie (Frisco, TX); Nikhil Rajendra (Dallas, TX)
Assignees: TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA, INC.; TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
G06N20/00B60R11/04B60R21/01532B60W40/08B60W50/0097B60W50/14B60W60/0015G01C21/28G01C21/3841G01C21/3874G01C21/3896G06V20/597G08G1/0112G08G1/0116G08G1/0125G08G1/09626G08G1/096716G08G1/096783H04L1/1809H04W64/003H04W76/15B60W2050/009B60W2050/143B60W2050/146B60W2540/043B60W2540/215B60W2540/221
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,536,473
App. No.
18/481,944
Granted
Jan 27, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

An example operation establishes a communication link between a first vehicle and a computing node. The system then identifies the data to be transmitted from the computing node to the first vehicle, considering that a portion of this data is already stored on a second vehicle. As the second vehicle is determined to be in proximity to the first vehicle, the system transmits the portion of the data stored on the second vehicle to the first vehicle. The remaining portion of the data is transmitted directly from the computing node to the first vehicle, completing the data transfer when the vehicles are in close proximity.

Claims (46)

1 . A method comprising:

identifying, by a computing node, data to be provided to a first vehicle;

providing a first portion of the data to the first vehicle by a computing node proximate to the first vehicle; and

instructing, by the computing node, a second vehicle to provide a second portion of the data to the first vehicle based on the first vehicle and the second vehicle being within a certain proximity to each other.

2 . The method of claim 1 , comprising:

responsive to establishing communication between the first vehicle and the computing node, identifying by the computing node that the first vehicle is missing the second portion.

3 . The method of claim 1 , comprising:

detecting the second vehicle stores the second portion by the computing node.

4 . The method of claim 1 , comprising:

providing the second portion of the data to the second vehicle by the computing node, wherein the first portion is different than the second portion.

5 . The method of claim 1 , comprising:

instructing, by the computing node, a third vehicle to provide a third portion of the data to the first vehicle based on the first vehicle and the third vehicle being within the certain proximity to each other.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the computing node and the computing node proximate to the first vehicle are a same computing node or are different computing nodes.

7 . The method of claim 1 , comprising:

identifying a priority of the first portion and the second portion by the computing node; and

providing the first portion and the second portion in order of highest priority first.

8 . A computing node, comprising:

a processor that executes instructions stored in a memory to configure the processor to:

identify data to be provided to a first vehicle;

provide a first portion of the data to the first vehicle by a computing node proximate to the first vehicle; and

instruct a second vehicle to provide a second portion of the data to the first vehicle based on the first vehicle and the second vehicle being within a certain proximity to each other.

9 . The computing node of claim 8 , wherein the processor is configured to:

responsive to communication between the first vehicle and the computing node being established, identify that the first vehicle is missing the second portion.

10 . The computing node of claim 8 , wherein the processor is configured to:

detect the second vehicle stores the second portion by the computing node.

11 . The computing node of claim 8 , wherein the processor is configured to:

provide the second portion of the data to the second vehicle by the computing node, wherein the first portion is different than the second portion.

12 . The computing node of claim 8 , wherein the processor is configured to:

instruct a third vehicle to provide a third portion of the data to the first vehicle based on the first vehicle and the third vehicle being within the certain proximity to each other.

13 . The computing node of claim 8 , wherein the computing node and the computing node proximate to the first vehicle are a same computing node or are different computing nodes.

14 . The computing node of claim 8 , wherein the processor is configured to:

identifying a priority of the first portion and the second portion by the computing node; and

providing the first portion and the second portion in order of highest priority first.

15 . A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor of a computing node, cause the processor to perform:

identifying data to be provided to a first vehicle;

providing a first portion of the data to the first vehicle by a computing node proximate to the first vehicle; and

instructing a second vehicle to provide a second portion of the data to the first vehicle based on the first vehicle and the second vehicle being within a certain proximity to each other.

16 . The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions cause the processor to perform:

responsive to establishing communication between the first vehicle and the computing node, identifying by the computing node that the first vehicle is missing the second portion.

17 . The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the instructions cause the processor to perform:

detecting the second vehicle stores the second portion by the computing node.

18 . The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions cause the processor to perform:

providing the second portion of the data to the second vehicle by the computing node, wherein the first portion is different than the second portion.

19 . The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions cause the processor to perform:

instructing a third vehicle to provide a third portion of the data to the first vehicle based on the first vehicle and the third vehicle being within the certain proximity to each other.

20 . The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the computing node and the computing node proximate to the first vehicle are a same computing node, or are different computing nodes.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 2, 2026
From: TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
To: TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA, INC.
Reel/Frame 074828/0217 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Oct 5, 2023
From: ZAHID, IMAD; JHA, SUMIT K.; NAGPAL, ANIL; BATIE, JOSHUA C.
To: TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA, INC.; TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Reel/Frame 065142/0037 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63514512 · Jul 19, 2023
Related Publication 20250030505A1 · Jan 23, 2025
References Cited (214)
US 5082333A · Fukushima et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 7183932B2 · Bauer · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7254482B2 · Kawasaki et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7292152B2 · Torkkola et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7450603B2 · Nix et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7707576B2 · Sun · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 8301108B2 · Naboulsi · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8326258B2 · Chmielewski et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8495239B2 · Cohen et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8725311B1 · Breed · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8972090B2 · Weslati et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9075702B2 · Park et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9211891B2 · Scofield et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9240079B2 · Lambert et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9460601B2 · Mimar · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9531737B2 · Stählin · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9792740B2 · Lambert et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9821657B2 · Gan · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9849802B2 · Chow et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9905057B2 · Stacy · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9915950B2 · Hartung et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10036646B2 · Schumann et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10081317B2 · Naboulsi · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10091299B2 · Mian et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10104525B1 · Kaiser et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10163340B2 · Vandikas et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10196071B1 · Rowson et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10225348B2 · Wang · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 10235859B1 · Hiles · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10429195B2 · Hashisho · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10474794B2 · Patton et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10490075B2 · Bai et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10532658B2 · Kim et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10672200B2 · Wang et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10696299B2 · Weldemariam et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10741178B2 · Jo et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10816978B1 · Schwalb · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10829110B2 · Nienhueser et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10850616B2 · Koebler et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10912509B2 · Alsbou · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 10976170B2 · Morgan-Brown · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11037443B1 · Cui et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11044588B2 · Fox · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 11047704B2 · Yamamoto · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11084494B2 · Hu et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11124153B2 · Narumi · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11163270B2 · Migneco et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11206453B2 · Ramos et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11221621B2 · Wengreen et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11221622B2 · Schwie et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11287270B2 · Xiang et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11310626B2 · Mian et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11323168B2 · Legg et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11388241B1 · Myers, Jr. et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11400944B2 · Soltanian et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11513523B1 · Schwalb · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11526721B1 · O'Malley · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11539818B2 · Sabella · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 11620473B1 · Zhang · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11625745B1 · Warden et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11667299B2 · Memani et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11673570B2 · Chambers et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11685409B2 · Kim et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11694543B2 · Biala et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11697420B2 · Bade et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11780458B1 · Hussain et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11794676B1 · Benqassmi et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11866036B2 · Klingemann et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12162500B1 · Egbert et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20060069473A1 · Sumcad et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060261933A1 · Deniau et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070054685A1 · Kellum · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080133120A1 · Romanick · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080243558A1 · Gupte · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080293405A1 · Meyer · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090319341A1 · Berkobin et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100023201A1 · Kinney et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100070128A1 · Johnson · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110131666A1 · Tanaka · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120101713A1 · Moshchuk et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130167037A1 · Xaio · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130342364A1 · Grimm et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140277896A1 · Lathrop et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140303806A1 · Bai et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140309886A1 · Ricci · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150120135A1 · Lawrenson · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150245280A1 · Zhou et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150294547A1 · Ito et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160001781A1 · Fung et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170129496A1 · Li et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170132923A1 · Li et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170262453A1 · Raichelgauz et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170334374A1 · Naboulsi · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170355377A1 · Vijaya Kumar et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180012424A1 · Ricci · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180024627A1 · McNew · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180029612A1 · Tsuyunashi et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180128628A1 · Cheaz · 2018 [cited by examiner]
US 20180146323A1 · Tseng · 2018 [cited by examiner]
US 20180240335A1 · Dong et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180244288A1 · Glaser et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180332509A1 · Feng · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180365998A1 · Shibata et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190028904A1 · Carpenter · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 20190050718A1 · Tickoo · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 20190116476A1 · Qiu et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190128681A1 · Hans · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 20190302766A1 · Mondello et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190377362A1 · Lee · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190392707A1 · McEnroe · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 20200031371A1 · Soliman · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200073405A1 · Xu · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20200117187A1 · Kothari · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200130711A1 · Turek et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200166363A1 · Mcgavran et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200290630A1 · Elwart et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200346663A1 · Park et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200388154A1 · Kim et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210035125A1 · Casey et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210149397A1 · Shin et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210150828A1 · Mezaael et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210272462A1 · Yang · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20210297472A1 · Calvert et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210309217A1 · Kim et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210309255A1 · Roesner · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210312725A1 · Milton · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210319691A1 · Merwaday · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20210407292A1 · Cui et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220074756A1 · Gewickey et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220129948A1 · Cho et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220163969A1 · Li · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220194433A1 · Nagata et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220201584A1 · Piriou et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220228874A1 · Nader et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220234615A1 · Nishino et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220242448A1 · Chen et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220266842A1 · Li et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220289250A1 · Oba · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220297726A1 · Zhang et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220308579A1 · Flores et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220381564A1 · Kitchen et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220408340A1 · Paczkowski et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20230020772A1 · Aluvila et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230031709A1 · Yu et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230055974A1 · Arnold et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230058508A1 · Bush et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230063370A1 · Li · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230096556A1 · Lerner et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230115240A1 · Sidhu et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230140079A1 · Zhu et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230147000A1 · Heiden et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230156055A1 · Apanovitch et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230343223A1 · Obraczka · 2023 [cited by examiner]
US 20230373334A1 · Lu · 2023 [cited by examiner]
US 20230375351A1 · Palanisamy et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20240029484A1 · Benjamin · 2024 [cited by examiner]
US 20240101123A1 · Ksiazek · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240123975A1 · Sridharan · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240144695A1 · Ropel et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240169259A1 · Ferreira et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240198937A1 · Benqassmi et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240198938A1 · Carlos et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240211797A1 · Pronovost · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240314578A1 · Henry et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240400077A1 · Kondasani et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240422764A1 · Sun et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20250153729A1 · Minnerup et al. · 2025 [cited by applicant]
CA 3026666A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN 104778056A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 105976609A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 105989712A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 106548679A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
CN 108650656A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN 112801351A · 2021 [cited by applicant]
CN 112950939A · 2021 [cited by applicant]
CN 112970285A · 2021 [cited by applicant]
CN 113056930A · 2021 [cited by applicant]
CN 113891823A · 2022 [cited by applicant]
CN 114358240A · 2022 [cited by applicant]
CN 114802059A · 2022 [cited by applicant]
EP 2288521A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
EP 2992418A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
EP 3269203A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 3272613A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 3299766A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 3374902A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 3401786A2 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 3543906A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
EP 3629105A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
EP 4011740A2 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016020151A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 2023/0031452 A1, 02/2023, Myers, Jr. et al. (withdrawn) [cited by applicant]
M. Kanwal, A. W. Malik, A. U. Rahman, I. Mahmood and M. Shahzad, “Sustainable Vehicle-Assisted Edge Computing for Big Data Migration in Smart Cities,” in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 1857-1871, Ma… [cited by examiner]
Rechtin, Goodbye MBUX, hello MB.OS. New Mercedes infotainment coming soon ‘Hey Mercedes’ gets smarter, navigation gets more realistic, audio goes full 3D, Mar. 21, 2022, https://www.autoblog.com/2022/03/21/mercedes-mb-o… [cited by applicant]
Smith, Hallucinations Could Blunt ChatGPT's Success OpenAI says the problem's solvable, Yann LeCun says we'll see, Mar. 13, 2023, https://spectrum.ieee.org/ai-hallucination. [cited by applicant]
Smith, The Future of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): Applying Lessons Learned From 30 Years of Innovation, Spring 2022, Issue No. vol. 86 No. 1Publication No. FHWA-HRT-22-003, https://highways.dot.gov/public-r… [cited by applicant]
SOMANYM3s, You can now Watch videos in the browsers [Update: only while in Park], Oct. 26, 2019, https://teslamotorsclub.com/tmc/threads/you-can-now-watch-videos-in-the-browsers-update-only-while-in-park.171461/. [cited by applicant]
Stocksdale, Audi testing bus, school zone vehicle-to-infrastructure system, May 23, 2021, https://www.autoblog.com/2021/05/23/audi-v2x-vehicle-infrastructure-school-bus-zone-warning-system/. [cited by applicant]
Tan, GPT-4 Inherits “Hallucinating” Facts and Reasoning Errors From Earlier GPT Models, Mar. 16, 2023, https://mpost.io/gpt-4-inherits-hallucinating-facts-and-reasoning-errors-from-earlier-gpt-models/. [cited by applicant]
Unknown, MHI Group to Participate in Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V21) Demonstration Test Program to Support Autonomous Highway Driving—Groupwide Technologies to Help Achieve Autonomous Driving Society—, Oct. 5, 2022, htt… [cited by applicant]
Weise et al., When A.I. Chatbots Hallucinate, The New York Times, May 1, 2023. [cited by applicant]
Unknown, Cadillac unveils electric Escalade IQ; 200kWh, 450 miles, pricing starting around 130K, Aug. 10, 2023, https://www.greencarcongress.com/2023/08/20230910-escaladeiq.html. [cited by applicant]
Bellan, GM aims to build Netflix-sized subscription business by 2030, Oct. 6, 2021, https://techcrunch.com/2021/10/06/gm-aims-to-build-netflix-sized-subscription-business-by-2030/. [cited by applicant]
Bhardwaj, Audi GLOSA (Green Light Optimised Speed Advisory), Jul. 8, 2022, https://gomechanic.in/blog/audi-glosa-green-light-optimised-speed-advisory/. [cited by applicant]
McEachern, Just 25 Percent Of Car Buyers Willing To Pay For Subscription Services, Apr. 21, 2022, https://gmauthority.com/blog/2022/04/just-25-percent-of-car-buyers-willing-to-pay-for-subscription-services/. [cited by applicant]
Palkar, How Uber Uses Machine Learning to Reinvent Transportation?, Nov. 10, 2020, https://palkardurvesh.medium.com/how-uber-uses-machine-learning-to-reinvent-transportation-9412e4a3e4e9. [cited by applicant]
Unknown, Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Automotive Market Size by Component (Software, Hardware, Service), by technology (computer vision, context Awareness, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing… [cited by applicant]
Unknown, Automotive Artificial Intelligence (AI) Market Size (By Offering: Software and Hardware; By Process: Signal Recognition, Image Recognition, Voice Recognition, and Data Mining; By Technology: Deep Learning, Mach… [cited by applicant]
Unknown, Comfort and Infotainment Subscriptions: A Scalable Growth Vector for OEMs, intellias, published Mar. 31, 2023, updated Aug. 21, 2023, https://intellias.com/comfort-infotainment-subscriptions/. [cited by applicant]
Unknown, Personal development market size to grow by USD 755.16 million between 2022 and 2027; Growth driven by the rise in cost-effective content development—Technavio, Technavio, Apr. 3, 2023, https://www.prnewswire.c… [cited by applicant]
Unknown, Personal Development Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Instrument (Books, e-Platforms), By Focus Area (Mental Health, Physical Health), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2023-2030, Report ID: GVR-4… [cited by applicant]
Unknown, Research Blog, top 10 Automotive Industry Trends & Innovations in 2024, last downloaded on , https://www.startus-insights.com/innovators-guide/automotive-industry-trends-10-innovations-that-will-impact-automoti… [cited by applicant]
Unknown, The subscription Economy Index, Zuora, Mar. 2023. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in the International PCT Application No. PCT/US2024/038905, mailed on Oct. 18, 2024. [cited by applicant]