IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,289,192
Granted Patent B2
US 12,289,192 · App. 18/488,902 · Granted Apr 29, 2025

Systems and methods for receiving data transmitted using non-uniform QAM 256 constellations

Inventors: Maged F. Barsoum (San Jose, CA); Christopher R. Jones (Pacific Palisades, CA)
Assignee: Constellation Designs, LLC
H04L27/3405H04B14/023H04L1/0003H04L1/0009
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,289,192
App. No.
18/488,902
Granted
Apr 29, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Communication systems are described that use signal constellations, which have unequally spaced (i.e. ‘geometrically’ shaped) points. In many embodiments, the communication systems use specific geometric constellations that are capacity optimized at a specific SNR. In addition, ranges within which the constellation points of a capacity optimized constellation can be perturbed and are still likely to achieve a given percentage of the optimal capacity increase compared to a constellation that maximizes d min , are also described. Capacity measures that are used in the selection of the location of constellation points include, but are not limited to, parallel decode (PD) capacity and joint capacity.

Claims (48)

1. A communication system, comprising:

a receiver capable of receiving signals via a communication channel having a channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), comprising:

a demodulator capable of demodulating a received signal into a demodulated signal;

a demapper, coupled to the demodulator, capable of determining likelihoods using a non-uniform quadrature amplitude modulation (NU-QAM) 256 point symbol constellation selected from a plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations; and

a decoder, coupled to the demapper, capable of using likelihoods determined by the demapper to provide a sequence of received bits based upon a low density parity check (LDPC) code having a code rate between 0.731575 and 0.752975;

wherein the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation is characterized in that the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation provides a parallel decoding capacity greater than or equal to 6.0238 bits per symbol at an SNR that it is at or below 18.8 dB;

wherein the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation is further characterized in that the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation provides a parallel decoding capacity that is greater than the parallel decoding capacity of a uniformly spaced QAM 256 point symbol constellation at SNRs between 18.8 dB and 19.8 dB; and

wherein the receiver is configured to use the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation to receive data when the channel SNR is an SNR that is at or below 19.8 dB and that is above 18.8 dB.

2. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver is configured to select the NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation from the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations in response to a message from a transmitter.

3. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation comprises an in-phase component and a quadrature component, where each component comprises 16 levels of amplitude such that the amplitudes scaled by a scaling factor are:

−16.945, −13.125, −10.205, −7.729, −5.954, −3.765, −2.624, −0.452, 0.452, 2.623, 3.765, 5.954, 7.729, 10.206, 13.125, and 16.945.

4. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations further comprises multiple different NU-QAM 64 point symbol constellations, multiple different NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellations, and multiple different NU-QAM 1024 point symbol constellations.

5. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations is capable of providing a greater parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR than a similar uniform QAM symbol constellation at the same SNR, where the similar uniform QAM symbol constellation differs only in that the constellation points in the similar uniform QAM symbol constellation are uniformly spaced.

6. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations is capable of providing a greater parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR than other NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellations in the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations at the same SNR.

7. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation is capable of providing a greater parallel decoding capacity at an SNR of 18.8 dB than the other NU-QAM symbol constellations in the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations at an SNR of 18.8 dB.

8. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations is characterized by assignment of labels and spacing of constellation points so as to maximize parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR subject to at least one constraint.

9. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver is capable of replacing at least one existing symbol constellation with the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations by an upgrade to at least one of the receiver software and firmware.

10. A communication system, comprising:

a receiver that receives signals via a communication channel having a channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wherein the receiver comprises:

a demodulator that demodulates a received signal into a demodulated signal;

a demapper that determines likelihoods using a non-uniform quadrature amplitude modulation (NU-QAM) 256 point symbol constellation selected from a plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations; and

a decoder that uses the likelihoods determined by the demapper to provide a sequence of received bits based upon a low density parity check (LDPC) code having a code rate between 0.731575 and 0.752975;

wherein the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation is characterized in that the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation provides a parallel decoding capacity greater than or equal to 6.0238 bits per symbol at an SNR that it is at or below 18.8 dB;

wherein the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation is further characterized in that the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation provides a parallel decoding capacity that is greater than the parallel decoding capacity of a uniformly spaced QAM 256 point symbol constellation at SNRs between 18.8 dB and 19.8 dB; and

wherein the receiver is configured to use the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation to receive data when the channel SNR is an SNR that is at or below 19.8 dB and that is above 18.8 dB.

11. The communication system of claim 10 , wherein the receiver is configured to select the NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation from the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations in response to a message from a transmitter.

12. The communication system of claim 10 , wherein the NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation comprises an in-phase component and a quadrature component, where each component comprises 16 levels of amplitude such that the amplitudes scaled by a scaling factor are:

−16.945, −13.125, −10.205, −7.729, −5.954, −3.765, −2.624, −0.452, 0.452, 2.623, 3.765, 5.954, 7.729, 10.206, 13.125, and 16.945.

13. The communication system of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations further comprises multiple different NU-QAM 64 point symbol constellations, multiple different NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellations, and multiple different NU-QAM 1024 point symbol constellations.

14. The communication system of claim 10 , wherein each of the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations is capable of providing a greater parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR than a similar uniform QAM symbol constellation at the same SNR, where the similar uniform QAM symbol constellation differs only in that the constellation points in the similar uniform QAM symbol constellation are uniformly spaced.

15. The communication system of claim 10 , wherein each of the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations is capable of providing a greater parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR than other NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellations in the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations at the same SNR.

16. The communication system of claim 10 , wherein the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation is capable of providing a greater parallel decoding capacity at an SNR of 18.8 dB than the other NU-QAM symbol constellations in the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations at an SNR of 18.8 dB.

17. The communication system of claim 10 , wherein each of the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations is characterized by assignment of labels and spacing of constellation points so as to maximize parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR subject to at least one constraint.

18. The communication system of claim 10 , wherein the receiver is capable of replacing at least one existing symbol constellation with the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations by an upgrade to at least one of the receiver software and firmware.

19. A communication system, comprising:

a receiver that receives signals via a communication channel having a channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wherein the receiver uses a non-uniform quadrature amplitude modulation (NU-QAM) 256 point symbol constellation selected from a plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations to transform the received signals into received bits based upon a low density parity check (LDPC) code having a code rate between 0.731575 and 0.752975;

wherein the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation is characterized in that the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation provides a parallel decoding capacity greater than or equal to 6.0238 bits per symbol at an SNR that it is at or below 18.8 dB;

wherein the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation is further characterized in that the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation provides a parallel decoding capacity that is greater than the parallel decoding capacity of a uniformly spaced QAM 256 point symbol constellation at SNRs between 18.8 dB and 19.8 dB; and

wherein the receiver is configured to use the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation to receive data when the channel SNR is an SNR that is at or below 19.8 dB and that is above 18.8 dB.

20. The communication system of claim 19 , wherein the receiver is configured to select the NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation from the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations in response to a message from a transmitter.

21. The communication system of claim 19 , wherein the NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation comprises an in-phase component and a quadrature component, where each component comprises 16 levels of amplitude such that the amplitudes scaled by a scaling factor are:

−16.945, −13.125, −10.205, −7.729, −5.954, −3.765, −2.624, −0.452, 0.452, 2.623, 3.765, 5.954, 7.729, 10.206, 13.125, and 16.945.

22. The communication system of claim 19 , wherein the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations further comprises multiple different NU-QAM 64 point symbol constellations, multiple different NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellations, and multiple different NU-QAM 1024 point symbol constellations.

23. The communication system of claim 19 , wherein each of the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations is capable of providing a greater parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR than a similar uniform QAM symbol constellation at the same SNR, where the similar uniform QAM symbol constellation differs only in that the constellation points in the similar uniform QAM symbol constellation are uniformly spaced.

24. The communication system of claim 19 , wherein each of the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations is capable of providing a greater parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR than other NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellations in the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations at the same SNR.

25. The communication system of claim 19 , wherein the selected NU-QAM 256 point symbol constellation is capable of providing a greater parallel decoding capacity at an SNR of 18.8 dB than the other NU-QAM symbol constellations in the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations at an SNR of 18.8 dB.

26. The communication system of claim 19 , wherein each of the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations is characterized by assignment of labels and spacing of constellation points so as to maximize parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR subject to at least one constraint.

27. The communication system of claim 19 , wherein the receiver is capable of replacing at least one existing symbol constellation with the plurality of NU-QAM symbol constellations by an upgrade to at least one of the receiver software and firmware.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Mar 20, 2025
From: BARSOUM, MAGED F.; JONES, CHRISTOPHER R.
To: CONSTELLATION DESIGNS, INC.
Reel/Frame 070577/0403 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Mar 20, 2025
From: CONSTELLATION DESIGNS, INC.
To: CONSTELLATION DESIGNS, LLC
Reel/Frame 070577/0517 →
Continuity (8)
Continuation 17328993 · May 24, 2021
Continuation 16734261 · Jan 3, 2020
Continuation 15826579 · Nov 29, 2017
Continuation 13608838 · Sep 10, 2012
Continuation 12650532 · Dec 30, 2009
Provisional Application 61141935 · Dec 31, 2008
Provisional Application 61141662 · Dec 30, 2008
Related Publication 20240048431A1 · Feb 8, 2024
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“Exhibit D-05: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0054960 to Eroz et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit D-08: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0252791 to Shen et al”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11… [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit D-11: Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-01: International Patent Publication No. WO 2014/195303 A1 to Stadelmeier et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,0… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-02: U.S. Pat. No. 8,503,550 Ko et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,039,324, [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-03: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0252791 to Shen et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-04: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0118787 to Schmidt”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,03… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-05: ATSC 3.0 Standard: Physical Layer Protocol, Document No. A/322:2016 dated Sep. 7, 2016”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-06: Harm S. Cronie, Coding and Modulation for Power and Bandwidth Efficient Communication, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, 2008”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentio… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-07: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0200114 A1 to Eberlein et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit E-08: Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit F-01: Cronie, Superposition Coding for Power- and Bandwidth Efficient Communication over the Gaussian Channel, ISIT2007, Nice, France, Jun. 24-Jun. 29, 2007”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit F-02: International Publication No. WO 2006/089569 to Bauch et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,039,3… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit F-03: Bauch et al., Turbo modulation and coding: Design and evaluation of iterative bit-interleaved coded modulation methods for wireless systems beyond 3G, Wiley InterScience”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity … [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit F-04: CN1490972A to Chen el al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11,039,324, [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit F-05: Chen et al., An Adaptive Coded Modulation Scheme Associated with Improved HARQ, The 14th IEEE 2003 International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communication Proceedings”, Defendant's P.R.… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit F-06: De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications, Wiley InterScience”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit F-07: Ngo et al., Performance of non-uniform 16QAM modulation over linear and nonlinear channels, Electronics Letters”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,56… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit F-08: Ngo et al., A New Iterative Decoder for Turbo Codes on the Nonlinear Channel with Non-uniform 16QAM Modulation, Turbo-Coding-2006”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit F-09: Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit G-01: Harm S. Cronie, Coding and Modulation for Power and Bandwidth Efficient Communication, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Twente, The Netherlands”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. … [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit G-02: ETSI TR 101 190 V1.3.1, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for DVB terrestrial services; Transmission aspects”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,84… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit G-03: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0252791 to Shen et al”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 11… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit G-04: International Patent Publication No. WO 2014/195303 A1 to Stadelmeier et al.”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,0… [cited by applicant]
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“Exhibit G-06: ATSC 3.0 Standard: Physical Layer Protocol, Document No. A/322:2016 dated Sep. 7, 2016”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018… [cited by applicant]
“Exhibit G-07: Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, Defendant's P.R. 3-3 Invalidity Contentions for U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,842,761; 9,743,290; 10,567,980; 10,693,700; 11,018,922; 11,019,509; 1… [cited by applicant]
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“Decision: Denying Institution of Inter Partes Review 35 U.S.C. § 314”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, Jul. 18, 2023, 11 pgs. [cited by applicant]
“Decision: Denying Institution of Inter Partes Review 35 U.S.C. § 314, 37 C.F.R. § 42.4”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00228, Jul. 11, 2023, 22 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Decision: Denying Petitioner's Motion for Reply to Patent Owner's Preliminary Response”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, Jun. 5, 2023, Exhibit included. [cited by applicant]
“Decision: Denying Petitioner's Motion for Reply to Patent Owner's Preliminary Response”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, Jun. 5, 2023, Exhibit included. [cited by applicant]
“Decision: Denying Petitioner's Motion for Reply to Patent Owner's Preliminary Response”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00320, Jun. 5, 2023, Exhibit included. [cited by applicant]
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“Decision: Granting Institution of Inter Partes Review 35 U.S.C. § 314”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, Jul. 12, 2023, 19 pgs. [cited by applicant]
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“Patent Owner's Limited Fintiv Paper Identifying Relevant Evidence”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,693,700, IPR2023-00319, Filed Jun. 29, 2023, Exhibits included and uploaded in multiple parts. [cited by applicant]
“Patent Owner's Limited Fintiv Paper Identifying Relevant Evidence”, Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 11,019,509, IPR2023-00229, Filed Jun. 29, 2023, Exhibits included. [cited by applicant]
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