Granted Patent
B2
US 12,539,327 · App. 18/490,287 · Granted Feb 3, 2026
Norovirus S particle based vaccines and methods of making and using same
Assignee:
Children's Hospital Medical Center
A61K39/12A61K39/385A61P31/14C07K14/005C12N7/00A61K2039/6075A61K2039/64A61K2039/70C07K2319/33C12N2770/16022C12N2770/16034
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Abstract
Disclosed herein are vaccine compositions, in particular, polyvalent icosahedral compositions for antigen presentation. The disclosed compositions may contain an S particle made up of recombinant fusion proteins. The recombinant fusion proteins may include a norovirus (NoV) S domain protein, a linker protein domain operatively connected to the norovirus S domain protein, and an antigen protein domain operatively connected to said linker.
Claims (23)
1 . A method of immunizing an individual against a rotavirus infection, comprising administering to the individual a vaccine composition comprising
a) a norovirus (NoV) S domain protein comprising, with reference to SEQ ID NO: 25, an alanine at position 69 and a cysteine at positions 57, 58, and 136;
b) a linker protein domain operatively connected to the C terminus of the norovirus S domain protein; and
c) a human rotavirus spike protein VP8 antigen operatively connected to the linker protein domain.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaccine composition has an icosahedral symmetry structure.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaccine composition comprises 60 sites presenting the human rotavirus spike protein VP8 antigen.
4 . The method of claim 1 , the norovirus S domain protein further comprising a cysteine at position 140.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the norovirus S domain protein is that of a calicivirus, wherein the calicivirus is characterized by having 180 copies of a single capsid protein.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the linker protein domain comprises three to six amino acids.
7 . The method of claim 1 , the linker protein domain being selected from GGGG (SEQ ID NO: 53) and HHHH (SEQ ID NO: 54).
8 . The method of claim 1 , human rotavirus spike protein VP8 antigen comprising SEQ ID NO: 35.
9 . The method of claim 1 , the vaccine composition comprising a sequence selected from S R69A (SEQ ID NO: 27), S R69A/V57C/M140C -VP8 (SEQ ID NO: 31), S R69A/V57C/Q58C/S136C -VP8 (SEQ ID NO: 33), or S R69A/V57C/Q58C/S136C -VP8 (SEQ ID NO: 33).
10 . The method of claim 1 , the administering being prophylactically to the individual.
11 . The method of claim 1 , comprising administering a single dose.
12 . The method of claim 1 , comprising administering multiple doses.
13 . The method of claim 1 , the administering being an intramuscular injection.
14 . A vaccine composition platform comprising a sequence selected from S R69A (SEQ ID NO: 27), S R69A/V57C/M140C -VP8 (SEQ ID NO: 31), S R69A/V57C/Q58C/S136C -VP8 (SEQ ID NO: 33), or S R69A/V57C/Q58C/S136C -VP8 (SEQ ID NO: 33).
15 . The vaccine composition platform of claim 14 , further comprising an antigen.
16 . The vaccine composition platform of claim 15 , the antigen being selected from human rotavirus spike protein VP8 antigen, extracellular domain (M2e) of matrix protein 2 (M2) of influenza A virus, thrombospondin type-1 repeat (TSR) domain of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum , and protruding (P) domain of the capsid protein of hepatitis E virus.
17 . The vaccine composition platform of claim 14 , wherein the vaccine composition platform is in a unit dosage form.
18 . A bacterial expression system comprising E. coli expressing a sequence selected from S R69A (SEQ ID NO: 27), S R69A/V57C/M140C -VP8 (SEQ ID NO: 31), S R69A/V57C/Q58C/S136C -VP8 (SEQ ID NO: 33), or S R69A/V57C/Q58C/S136C -VP8 (SEQ ID NO: 33).
19 . The bacterial expression system of claim 18 , the sequence further comprising an antigen.
20 . The bacterial expression system of claim 19 , the antigen being selected from human rotavirus spike protein VP8 antigen, extracellular domain (M2e) of the matrix protein 2 (M2) of influenza A virus, thrombospondin type-1 repeat (TSR) domain of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum , and protruding (P) domain of capsid protein of hepatitis E virus.
Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Jan 22, 2026
From: TAN, MING; JIANG, XI JASON
To: CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
Reel/Frame 073550/0246 →
CONFIRMATORY LICENSE
Recorded Jan 17, 2024
From: CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
To: NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH), U.S. DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (DHHS), U.S. GOVERNMENT
Reel/Frame 066340/0874 →
Continuity (3)
Continuation
16489095
Provisional Application
62477481
· Mar 28, 2017
References Cited (369)
US 4547367A
· Tabor et al.
· 1985
[cited by applicant]
US 4550019A
· Polson
· 1985
[cited by applicant]
US 4916213A
· Scannon et al.
· 1990
[cited by applicant]
US 5254342A
· Shen et al.
· 1993
[cited by applicant]
US 5326857A
· Yamamoto et al.
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
US 5338689A
· Yves et al.
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
US 5367054A
· Lee
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
US 5559014A
· Estes et al.
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
US 5589453A
· Greve
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
US 5643579A
· Hung et al.
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5665534A
· Vandenbergh et al.
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5750394A
· Palese et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5783193A
· Michael et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5786340A
· Henning et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5789230A
· Cotton et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5861241A
· Herrmann et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 6045854A
· Prieto et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6130205A
· Stapleton et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6140043A
· Dierich et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6156883A
· Estes et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6187762B1
· Mandeville, III et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6254867B1
· Reiser et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6258789B1
· German et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6300090B1
· Steinman et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6303369B1
· Spana et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6475489B1
· Rutter et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6572862B1
· Estes et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6593080B1
· Smith
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6942865B2
· Estes et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6946266B2
· Neiman
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 7527801B2
· Coit et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7785871B2
· Reed
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7893041B2
· Morrow et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7912484B2
· Sohn et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7955603B2
· Richardson et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7977098B2
· Jiang et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8026221B2
· Jiang et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8066998B2
· Frye et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8277819B2
· Jiang et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8475789B2
· Bisgaard-Frantzen et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8486421B2
· Jiang et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8895015B2
· Vesikari et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 9096644B2
· Tan et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9321803B2
· Jiang et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9395986B2
· Miyoshi et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9561239B2
· Jiang et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9562077B2
· Tan et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9701735B2
· Starzl
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 20020019991A1
· Prieto et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 20060057562A1
· Jiang et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20070231320A1
· Cook et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070280949A1
· Alfa
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20080085553A1
· Reed et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20110152263A1
· Jiang et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 20110166328A1
· Nguyen
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 20120009211A1
· Tschopp et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20120020964A1
· Frye et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20120071436A1
· Jiang et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20130171185A1
· Settembre et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 20140017257A1
· Jiang et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20160038586A1
· Lin et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
CN 1330080A
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
GB 2535753A
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
JP 2012529298A
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
JP 2013533745A
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
JP 2015201119A
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
WO WO0108677A1
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
WO WO0230409A2
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2003003985A2
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2003101176A2
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2005030806A2
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2005032457A2
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2006138514A2
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2007020017A1
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2007103162A2
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2010144602A2
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2011120044A1
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2016019890A1
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
Xia et al., Vaccine vol. 34, pp. 905-913 (Year: 2016).
[cited by examiner]
Adler, et al., “High Affinity Binding of the Entamoeba histolytica Lectin to Polyvalent N-Acetylgalactosaminides,” J Bio Chem, 1995, 270(10):5164-5171, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Affixed, definition of, WordReference.com, English Dictionary, searched on Jan. 16, 2010, in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 11/264,992, 1 pg.
[cited by applicant]
Akita, E.M., et al., “Immunoglobulins from Egg Yolk: Isolation and Purification,” Journal of Food Science, 1992, 57:629-634, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Akita, E.M., et al., “Production and purification of Fab' fragments from chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY),” J Immunol Methods, 1993, 162:155-164, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Amaral, J.A., et al., “Anti-enteropathogenic
[cited by applicant]
Ando, H.Y., et al., “Property-Based Drug Design and Preformulation,” in Troy, D.B. (ed.), et al., Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2006, pp. 720…
[cited by applicant]
Armah, G.E., et al., “Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial,” L…
[cited by applicant]
Assay, definition of, http://encycolpedia.thefreedictionary.com/assay, cited as searched on Feb. 18, 2008 in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 11/264,992, printed on Feb. 22, 2008, p. 1-5, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Atmar, R., et al., “Diagnosis of Noncultivatable Gastroenteritis Viruses, the Human Caliciviruses,” Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2001, 14(1):15-37, 24 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Bale, J.B., et al., “Accurate design of megadalton-scale two-component icosahedral protein complexes,” Science, 2016, 353(6297):389-394, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Barcena, J., et al., “The coat protein of Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus contains a molecular switch at the N-terminal region facing the inner surface of the capsid,” Virol, 2004, 322(1):118-134, 17 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Bauchau, V., et al., “Post-marketing monitoring of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination in Japan,” Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 2015, 24:765-770, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Bereszcazk, J.Z., et al., “Structure, stability and dynamics of norovirus P domain derived protein complexes studied by native mass spectrometry,” Journal of Structural Biology, 2012, 177(2):273-282, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Bertolotti-Ciarlet, A., et al., “Structural Requirements for the Assembly of Norwalk Virus-Like Particles,” J Virol, 2002, 76(8):4044-4055, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Biesiada, J., et al., “On Setting Up and Assessing Docking Simulations for Virtual Screening,” Chapter 1, In: Yi Zheng (ed.), Rational Drug Designs: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology, 2012, 928:1-16, 1…
[cited by applicant]
Biesiada, J., et al., “Survey of public domain software for docking simulations and virtual screening,” Human Genomics, 2011, 5:497-505, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Boyoglu-Barnum, S., et al., “Elicitation of broadly protective immunity to influenza by multivalent hemagglutinin nanoparticle vaccines,” bioRxiv, 2020.05.30.125179, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.3…
[cited by applicant]
Brinker, J.P., et al., “Immunoglobulin M Antibody Test to Detect Genogroup II Norwalk-Like Virus Infection,” Journal for Clinical Microbiology, 1999, 37(9):2983-2986, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Bruss, V., et al., “Mutational Analysis of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Particle Assembly and Secretion,” J Virol, 1991, 65(7):3813-3820, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Bu, W., et al., “Structural Basis for the Receptor Binding Specificity of Norwalk Virus,” J Virol, 2008, 82(11):5340-5347, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Burmeister, W.P., et al., “Structure Determination of Feline Calicivirus Virus-Like Particles in the Context of a Pseudo-Octahedral Arrangement,” PLoS One, 2015, 10(3):e0119289, 15 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Burton-Macleod, J.A., et al., “Evaluation and Comparison of Two Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immounosorbent Assay Kits for Detection of Antigenically Diverse Human Noroviruses in Stool Samples,” Journal of Clinical Microbio…
[cited by applicant]
Cao, S., et al., “Structural Basis for the Recognition of Blood Group Trisaccharides by Norovirus,” J Virol, 2007, 81(11):5949-5957, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Capua, et al., “Control and prevention of avian influenza in an evolving scenario,” Vaccine, 2007, 25:5645-5652, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Cavasotto, C.N., et al., “Ligand Docking and Structure-based Virtual Screening in Drug Discovery,” Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2007, 7:1006-1014, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information Page, Norovirus Illness: Key Facts—Treatment, 2015, Accessed online on Feb. 9, 2015 at << http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/treatment.html>>, 1 pg.
[cited by applicant]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Information Page, Norovirus: Q&A, Accessed online on Sep. 29, 2010, at <<http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/norovirus-qa.htm>>, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information Page, Rotavirus Vaccination, Accessed online on Feb. 9, 2015 at <<http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/rotavirus/default.html>>, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness, 2005-2020 [Online]. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/effectiveness-studies.htm (accessed 2020), 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chakravarty et al., “Evolutionary Trace Residues in Noroviruses: Importance in Receptor Binding, Antiagenicity, Virion Assembly, and Strain Diversity,” J Virol, Jan. 2005, 79(1):554-568, 15 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chang, D.T., et al., “MEDock: a web server for efficient prediction of ligand binding sites based on a novel optimization algorithm,” Nucleic Acids Res, 2005, 33: W233-W238, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chatterji, A., et al., “Chemical Conjugation of Heterologous Proteins on the Surface of Cowpea Mosaic Virus,” Bioconjugate Chem, 2004, 15:807-813, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chatterji, A., et al., “Cowpea Mosaic Virus: From the Presentation of Antigenic Peptides to the Display of Active Biomaterials,” Intervirology, 2002, 45(4-6):362-370, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chen, C., et al., “Nanoparticle-Templated Assembly of Viral Protein Cages,” Nano Lett, 2006, 6(4):611-615, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chen, C., et al., “Packaging of Gold Particles in Viral Capsids,” J Nacosci Nanotechnol, 2005, 5:2029-2033, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chen, J.H., et al., “ChemDB update—full-text search and virtual chemical space,” Bioinformatics, 2007, 23(17):2348-2351, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chen, R., et al., “Inter-and Intragenus Structural Variation in Caliciviruses and Their Functional Implications”, J Virol, Jun. 2004, 78(12):6469-6479, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chen, X.S., et al., “Structure of Small Virus-like Particles Assembled from the L1 Protein of Human Papillomavirus 16,” Mol Cell, 2000, 5:557-567, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chen, Y., et al., “Crystallography of a Lewis-Binding Norovirus, Elucidation of Strain-Specificity to the Polymorphic Human Histo-Blood Group Antigens,” PLoS Pathog, 2011, 7(7):e1002152, 14 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Choi, A.H-C., et al. “Functional Mapping of Protective Domains and Epitopes in the Rotavirus VP6 Protein,” J Virol, Dec. 2000, 74(24):11574-11580, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Choi, A.H-C., et al., “Functional mapping of protective epitopes within the rotavirus VP6 protein in mice belonging to different haplotypes,” Vaccine, Jan. 2003, 21(7-8):761-767, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Choi, J-M., et al., “Atomic resolution structural characterization of recognition of histo-blood group antigens by Norwalk virus,” PNAS, 2008, 105(27):9175-9180, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chupakhin, O.N., et al., “An Unusually Easy Oxidative Dequarternization of N-Alkyl-1,2,4-triazinium Salts,” Mendeleev Communications, 1995, 3:104-105, Caplus Abstract, Doc No. 123:285918, 2 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Cooper, H.M., et al., “Production of Polyclonal Antisera,” Curr Protoc Neurosci, 2009, Suppl 48:5.5.1-5.5.10, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Crisc, E., et al., “Chimeric calicivirus-like particles elicit protective anti-viral Cytotoxic responses without adjuvant,” Virol, May 2009, 387(2):303-312, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Cuillel, M., et al., “A T = 1 Capsid Formed by Protein of Brome Mosaic Virus in the Presence of Trypsin,” Virol, 1981, 110(1):63-72, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Curnis, F., et al., “Differential Binding of Drugs Containing the NGR Motif to CD13 Isoforms in Tumor Vessels, Epithelia, and Myeloid Cells,” Cancer Res, 2002, 62:867-874, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
D'Aoust, M.A., et al., “The production of hemagglutinin based virus-like particles in plants: A rapid, efficient and safe response to pandemic influenza,” Plant Biotechnol J, 2010, 8:607-619, 13 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
De Filette, M., et al., “An Influenza A Vaccine Based on Tetrameric Ectodomain of Matrix Protein 2,” J Biol Chem, 2008, 283(17): 11382-11387, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
De Rougemont, A., et al., “Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Binding of GII.4 Norovirus Variants onto Human Blood Group Antigens,” J Virol, 2011, 85(9):4057-4070, 14 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Deng, L., et al., “M2e-Based Universal Influenza A Vaccines,” Vaccines, 2015, 3(1):105-36, 32 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Desai, R., et al., “Potential Intussusception Risk Versus Benefits of Rotavirus Vaccination in the United States,” The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2013, 32(1):1-7, 15 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Devant, J.M., et al., “Structural heterogeneity of a human norovirus vaccine candidate,” Virology, 2021, 553:23-34, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Di, L. et al., “Solubility Issues in Early Discovery and HTS,” Chapter 4 in Solvent Systems and Their Selection in Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics: Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Aspects, 2007, VI:111-136, 26 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Dias da Silva, et al., “IgY: a promising antibody for use in immunodiagnostic and in immunotherapy”, 2010, Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 135:173-180, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Doud, M.B., et al., “Unexpected fold in the circumsporozoite protein target of malaria vaccines,” PNAS, 2012, 109(20):7817-7822, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Douglas, T., et al., “Viruses: Making Friends with Old Foes,” Science, 2006, 312:873-875, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Douglas, T., “A Bright Bio-Inspired Future,” Science, 2003, 299:1192-1193, 2 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Dragnea, et al., “Gold Nanoparticles as Spectroscopic Enhancers for in Vitro Studies on Single Viruses,” J Am Chem Soc, 2003, 125:6375-6375, 2 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Du, J., et al., “Detailed analysis of BALB/c mice challenged with wild type rotavirus EDIM provide an alternative for infection model of rotavirus,” Virus Research, 2017, 228:134-140, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Ebrahimi, S.M., et al., “Influenza A viruses: why focusing on M2e-based universal vaccines,” Virus Genes, 2011, 42(1):1-8, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Ekiert, D.C., et al., “Cross-neutralization of influenza A viruses mediated by a single antibody loop,” Nature, 2012, 489:526-532, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Eldon Biologicals A/S, EldonCard Home Kit 2511 Manufacture Catalog, published on website, searched on Sep. 2008, in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 11/264,992, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Eldon Biologicals A/S, EldonCard Home Kit 2511 Manufacture Protocol, published on website, searched on Sep. 2008, in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 11/264,992, 1 pg.
[cited by applicant]
Eldon Biologicals A/S, Evaluation Report, published 2004, in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 11/264,992, 15 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Eldoncard Home Blood Testing Kit, Published on Website, searched on Sep. 2008, in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 11/264,992, 2 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Erdman, D.D., et al., “Serum Immunoglobulin A Response to Norwalk Virus Infection,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Jun. 1989, 27(6):1417-1418, 2 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Erickson, J.W., et al., “The Structure of a T =1 Icosahedral Empty Particle from Southern Bean Mosaic Virus,” Science, 1985, 229(4714):625-629, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Estes, M. et al., “Norwalk Virus Vaccines: Challenges and Progress,” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2000, vol. 181(Suppl 2):S367-S373, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Farkas, T., et al., “Homologous versus Heterologous Immune Responses to Norwalk-Like Viruses among Crew Members after Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks on 2 US Navy Vessels,” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2003, 187:…
[cited by applicant]
Farkas, T., et al., “Molecular Detection and Sequence Analysis of Human Caliciviruses From Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Hungary,” Journal of Medical Virology, 2002, 67:567-573, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Feng, X., et al., “Library Screen Inhibitors Targeting Norovirus Binding to Histo-Blood Group Antigen Receptors,” Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2007, 51(1):324-331, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Feng, Z.K., et al., “Ligand Depot: a data warehouse for ligands bound to macromolecules,” Bioinformatics, 2004, 20(13):2153-2155, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Fischer, II, W.A., et al., “Global Burden of Influenza as a Cause of Cardiopulmonary Morbidity and Mortality,” Glob Heart, 2014, 9(3):325-336, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Fischer Walker, C.L., et al., “Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea,” Lancet, 2013, 381:1405-1416, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Glass, R.I., et al., “Norovirus Gastroenteritis,” N Engl J Med, 2009, 361:1776-1785, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Glass, R.I., et al., “Rotavirus Vaccines—Balancing Intussusception Risks and Health Benefits,” N Engl J Med., 2014, 370(6):568-570, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Glass, R.I., et al., “The changing epidemiology of astrovirus-associated gastroenteritis: a review,” Archives of Virology, 1996, 12(Suppl):287-300, 14 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Gouma, S., et al., “Comparison of Human H3N2 Antibody Responses Elicited by Egg-Based, Cell-Based, and Recombinant Protein-Based Influenza Vaccines During the 2017-2018 Season,” Clin Infect Dis, 2020, 71:1447-1453, 7 pg…
[cited by applicant]
Gray, J.J. et al., “Prevalence of Antibodies to Norwalk Virus in England: Detection by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Baculovirus-Expressed Norwalk Virus Capsid Antigen,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Apr. …
[cited by applicant]
Green, J., et al., “Capsid Protein Diversity among Norwalk-like Viruses,” Virus Genes, May 2000, 20(3):227-236, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Green, K.Y., et al., “Taxonomy of the Caliciviruses,” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2000, 181(Suppl 2):S322-S330, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Greenberg, H.B., et al., “Proteins of Norwalk Virus,” J Virol, 1981, 37(3):994-999, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Greenberg, H.B., et al., “Rescue of noncultivatable human rotavirus by gene reassortment during mixed infection with ts mutants of a cultivatable bovine rotavirus,” PNAS, 1981, 78(1):420-424, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Grgacic, E.V.L., et al., “Virus-like particles: Passport to immune recognition,” Methods, 2006, 40(1):60-65, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Groome, M.J., et al., “Safety and immunogenicity of a parenteral P2-VP8-P[8] subunit rotavirus vaccine in toddlers and infants in South Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial,” Lancet Infect Dis, 2…
[cited by applicant]
Guix, S., et al., “Norwalk Virus RNA Is Infectious in Mammalian Cells,” J Virol, 2007, 81(22):12238-12248, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Hale, A.D., et al., “Expression and Self-Assembly of Grimsby Virus: Antigenic Distinction from Norwalk and Mexico Viruses,” Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 1999, 6(1):142-145, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Hale, A.D., et al., “Identification of an Epitope Common to Genogroup 1 “Norwalk-Like Viruses”,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Apr. 2000, 38(4):1656-1660, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Hansman, G.S., et al., “Crystal Structures of GII.10 and GII.12 Norovirus Protruding Domains in Complex with Histo-Blood Group Antigens Reveal Details for a Potential Site of Vulnerability,” J Virol, 2011, 85(13):6687-6…
[cited by applicant]
Hardy, M.E., et al., “Specific Proteolytic Cleavage of Recombinant Norwalk Virus Capsid Protein,” J Viol, 1995, 69(3):1693-1698, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Harrington, P. et al., “Binding of Norwalk Virus-Like Particles to ABH Histo-Blood Group Antigens is Blocked by Antisera from Infected Human Volunteers or Experimentally Vaccinated Mice,” Journal of Virology, Dec. 2002,…
[cited by applicant]
Harrington, P. et al., “Norovirus Capture with Histo-Blood Group Antigens Reveals Novel Virus-Ligand Interactions,” Journal of Virology, Mar. 2004, 78(6):3035-3045, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Harrison, S.C., “Principles of Virus Structure,” Chapter 3, In D.M. Knipe, et al., (eds.), Fields Virology, 4th Ed., vol. 1, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001, pp. 53-85, 33 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Hennessy, E.P., et al., “Norwalk Virus Infection and Disease is Associated with ABO Histo-Blood Group Type,” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2003, 188:176-177, 2 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Hetenyi, C., et al., “Efficient docking of peptides to proteins without prior knowledge of the binding site,” Protein Science, 2002, 11:1729-1737, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Hoffman, R., (ed), Hematology Basic Principles and Practice, 2nd Ed., Churchill Linvingstone, NY, NY, 1995, 8 pgs. (Table of Contents only).
[cited by applicant]
Hu, L., et al., “Cell attachment protein VP8* of a human rotavirus specifically interacts with A-type histo-blood group antigen,” Nature, 2012, 485:256-259, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Hu, L., et al., “Structural basis of glycan specificity in neonate-specific bovine-human reassortant rotavirus,” Nat Commun, 2015, 6:8346, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Huang, P.W., et al., “Concentration and Detection of Caliciviruses in Water Samples by Reverse Transcription-PCR,” Appl Environ Microbiol, 2000, 66(10):4383-4388, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Huang, P. et al., “Noroviruses Bind to Human ABO, Lewis, and Secretor Histo-Blood Antigens: Identification of 4 Distinct Strain-Specific Patterns,” J Infect Dis, Jul. 2003, 188:19-31, 13 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Huang, P., et al., “Norovirus and Histo-Blood Group Antigens: Demonstration of a Wide Spectrum of Strain Specificities and Classification of Two Major Binding Groups Among Multiple Binding Patterns,” J Virol, 2005, 79(1…
[cited by applicant]
Huang, P., et al., “Spike Protein VP8* of Human Rotavirus Recognizes Histo-Blood Group Antigens in a Type-Specific Manner,” J Virol, 2012, 86:4833-4843, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Hutson, A.M. et al., “ABO Phenotype Association with Norwalk Virus Infection and Disease may be Related to Norwalk Virus-Like Particle Binding H Antigens,” Gastroenterology, Apr. 2002, 122(4 Suppl 1): A141-A142, Abstrac…
[cited by applicant]
Hutson, A.M., et al., “Loss of carbohydrate binding with point mutations of Norwalk virus virus-like particles,” Second International Calicivirus Conference, Dijon, France, Nov. 6-10, 2004. (Reference unavailable. Pleas…
[cited by applicant]
Hutson, A.M., et al., “Norovirus disease: changing epidemiology and host susceptibility factors,” Trends Microbiol, 2004, 12(6):279-287, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Hutson, A.M., et al., “Norwalk Virus Infection and Disease is Associated with ABO Histo-Blood Group Type,” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2002, 185:1335-1337, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Hutson, A.M. et al., “Norwalk Virus-Like Particle Hemagglutination by Binding to H Histo-Blood Group Antigens,” J Virol, 2003, 77(1):405-415, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Immuncor Inc., Manufacture Advertisement, published on Immucor Website, searched Sep. 2008, in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 11/264,992, 1 pg.
[cited by applicant]
Irwin, J.J., et al., “Zinc—A Free Database of Commercially Available Compounds for Virtual Screening,” J Chem Inf Model, 2005, 45(1):177-182, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Irwin, J.J., et al., “Zinc: A Free Tool to Discover Chemistry for Biology,” J Chem Inf Model, 2012, 52(7):1757-1768, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Iuliano, A.D., et al., “Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: A modelling study,” Lancet, 2018, 391(10127):1285-1300, 31 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Jennings, G.T., et al., “The coming of age of virus-like particle vaccines,” Biological Chemistry, 2008, 389(5):521-536, 16 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Jiang, X., et al., “Baculovirus expression and antigenic characterization of the capsid proteins of three Norwalk-like viruses,” Arch Virol, 2002, 147:119-130, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Jiang, X., et al., “Capsid,” Nucleotide sequence, UniProtKB/Swiss Prot:Q913Z3 (Q913Z3_9CALI), created Dec. 1, 2001, updated Oct. 31, 2006, 1 pg.
[cited by applicant]
Jiang, X., et al., “Expression, Self-Assembly, and Antigenicity of the Norwalk Virus Capsid Protein,” J Virol, 1992, 66(11):6527-6532, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Jiang, X., et al., “Expression, Self-Assembly, and Antigenicity of a Snow Mountain Agent-Like Calicivirus Capsid Protein,” J Clin Microbio, 1995, 33(6):1452-1455, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Jiang, X., et al., “Histo-blood group antigens as receptors for rotavirus, new understanding on rotavirus epidemiology and vaccine strategy,” Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2017, 6:e22, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Jiang, X., et al., “Human Milk Contains Elements That Block Binding of Noroviruses to Human Histo-Blood Group Antigens in Saliva,” J Infect Diseases, Nov. 2004, 190:1850-1859, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Jiang, X., et al., “Norwalk Virus Genome Cloning and Characterization,” Science, Dec. 1990, 250:1580-1583, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Jiang, X., et al., “Sequence and Genomic Organization of Norwalk Virus,” Virology, 1993, 195:51-61, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Jung, J., et al., “High-resolution cryo-EM structures of outbreak strain human norovirus shells reveal size variations,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2019, 116(26):12828-12832, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Kanekiyo, M., et al., “Mosaic nanoparticle display of diverse influenza virus hemagglutinins elicits broad B cell responses,” Nat Immunol, 2019, 20(3):362-372, 31 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Kanekiyo, M., et al., “Self-Assembling Influenza Nanoparticle Vaccines Elicit Broadly Neutralizing H1N1 Antibodies,” Nature, 2013, 499(7456):102-106, 16 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Khurana, S., et al., “Bacterial HA1 Vaccine against Pandemic H5N1 Influenza Virus: Evidence of Oligomerization, Hemagglutination, and Cross-Protective Immunity in Ferrets,” J Virol, 2011, 85(3):1246-1256, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Kit, definition of, http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/kit, cited as searched on Feb. 18, 2008 in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 11/264,992, printed on Feb. 22, 2008, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Klimochkin, Y.N., et al., “Design of Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus M2 Proton Channels: A Molecular Modeling Approach,” Curr Comput Aided Drug Des, 2016, 12(2):154-164, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Kubota, T., et al., “Structural Basis for the Recognition of Lewis Antigens by Genogroup I Norovirus,” J Virol, 2012, 86(20):11138-11150, 13 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Kumar, S., et al., “MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software,” Bioinformatics Applications Note, 2001, 17(12):1244-1245, 2 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Kurdyashov, V., et al., “Characterization of a mouse monoclonal IgG3 antibody to the tumor-associated globo H structure produced by immunization with a synthetic glycoconjugate” Glycoconjugate Journal, 1998, 15:243-249,…
[cited by applicant]
Lancel, M., et al., “Allopregnanolone Affects Sleep in a Benzodiazepine-Like Fashion,” The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1997, 282(3):1213-1218, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Lavanchy, D., “Worldwide epidemiology of HBV infection, disease burden, and vaccine prevention,” J Clin Virol, 2005, 34(suppl 1):S1-S3, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Lee, P.S., et al., “Receptor mimicry by antibody F045-092 facilitates universal binding to the H3 subtype of influenza virus,” Nat Commun, 2014, 5:3614, 22 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Levine, M.Z., et al., “Antibodies Against Egg- and Cell-Grown Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in Adults Hospitalized During the 2017-2018 Influenza Season,” J Infect Dis, 2019, 219:1904-1912, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Lew, J.F., et al., “Molecular Characterization of Hawaii Virus and Other Norwalk-like Viruses: Evidence for Genetic Polymorphism among Human Caliciviruses,” J Infect Dis, 1994, 170:535-542, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Lindesmith, L., et al., “Cellular and Humoral Immunity following Snow Mountain Virus Challenge,” J Virol, 2005, 79(5):2900-2909, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Lindesmith, L., et al., “Human Susceptibility and Resistance to Norwalk Virus Infection,” Nature Medicine, May 2003, 9(5):548-553, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Liou, J-F., et al. “Passive protection effect of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins on enterovirus 71 infected mice,” Vaccine, 2010, 28:8189-8196, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Liu, B., et al., “The Genomic 5′ Terminus of Manchester Calicivirus,” Virus Genes, 1997, 15(1):25-28, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Liu, W., et al., “A Unique Human Norovirus Lineage with a Distinct HBGA Binding Interface,” PLoS Pathog, 2015, 11(7):e1005025, 22 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Liu, Y., et al., “Glycan Specificity of P[19] Rotavirus and Comparison with Those of Related P Genotypes,” J Virol, 2016, 90(21):9983-9996, 14 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Liu, Y., et al., “Rotavirus VP8*: Phylogeny, Host Range, and Interaction with Histo-Blood Group Antigens,” J Virol, 2012, 86(18):9899-9910, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Lokesh, G.L., et al., “A Molecular Switch in the Capsid Protein Controls the Particle Polymorphism in an Isosahedral Virus,” Virol, 2002, 292:211-223, 13 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Lopman, B., et al., “Environmental transmission of norovirus gastroenteritis,” Curr Opin Virol, 2012, 2:96-102, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Madhi, S.A., et al., “Effect of Human Rotavirus Vaccine on Severe Diarrhea in African Infants,” N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(4):289-298, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Manayani, D.J., “A Viral Nanoparticle with Dual Function as an Anthrax Antitoxin and Vaccine,” PLoS Pathog, 2007, 3(10):1422-1431, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Marionneau, S., et al., “ABH and Lewis Histo-Blood Group Antigens, A Model for the Meaning of Oligosaccharide Diversity in the Face of a Changing World,” Biochimie, 2001, 83(7):565-573, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Marionneau, S., et al., “Norwalk Virus Binds to Histo-Blood Group Antigens Present on Gastroduodenal Epithelial Cells of Secretor Individuals,” Gastroenterology, Jun. 2002, 122:1967-1977, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Mcneal, M.M., et al., “Antibody-Dependent and -Independent Protection following Intranasal Immunization of Mice with Rotavirus Particles,” J Virol, 1999, 73(9):7565-7573, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Mezhenskaya, D., et al., “M2e-based universal influenza vaccines: a historical overview and new approaches to development,” J Biomed Sci, 2019, 26(1):76, 15 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Minnesota Department of Health, “Norovirus Fact Sheet,” Jun. 2009, 2 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Molport HTS Library Product Page for compounds 002-511-430 and 002-513-186 (Published online 2011). CAS Registry of compounds 002-511-430 and 002-516-186 indexed on Oct. 14, 1997 and Jul. 11, 2008, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Morris, G.M., et al., “Automated Docking Using a Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm and an Empirical Binding Free Energy Function,” Journal of Computational Chemistry, 1998, 19(4):1639-1662, 24 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
National Cancer Institute, Downloadable Structure Files of NCI Open Database Compounds, Release 4 File Series, May 2012, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Nguyen, H.H., et al., “Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy of Avian Antibodies Against Influenza Virus H5N1 and H1N1 in Mice,” PLoS One, 2010, 5:e10152, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Nicholas, K.B., et al., “GeneDoc: Analysis and Visualization of Genetic Variation,” EMBNET.news, Jul. 1997, 4(2):1-4, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Nurminen, K., et al., “Prevalence of Norovirus GII-4 Antibodies in Finnish Children,” J Med Virol, 2011, 83:525-531, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Ochoa, W.F., et al., “Generation and Structural Analysis of Reactive Empty Particles Derived from an Icosahedral Virus,” Chem Biol, 2006, 13:771-778, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Oriol, R., et al., “Insights into the Expression of ABH and Lewis Antigens through Human Bone Marrow Transplantation,” Am J Hum Genet, 1981, 33:551-560, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Parashar, U.D., et al., “Rotavirus and Severe Childhood Diarrhea,” Emerg Infect Dis, 2006, 12(2):304-306, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Pasqualini, R., et al., “Aminopeptidase N Is a Receptor for Tumor-homing Peptides and a Target for Inhibiting Angiogenesis,” Cancer Research, 2000, 60:722-727, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Patel, M.M., et al., “Noroviruses: A comprehensive review,” J Chem Virol, 2009, 44:1-8, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Patel, M.M., et al., “Systematic Literature Review of Role of Noroviruses in Sporadic Gastroenteritis,” Emerg Infect Dis, 2008, 14(8):1224-1231, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Paules, C.I., et al., “Chasing Seasonal Influenza—The Need for a Universal Influenza Vaccine,” New Engl J Med, 2018, 378(1):7-9, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Peabody, D.S., “A Viral Platform for Chemical Modification and Multivalent Display”, J Nanobiotechnology, 2003, 1:5, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Pelosi, E., et al., “The Seroepidemiology of Genogroup 1 and Genogroup 2 Norwalk-Like Viruses in Italy,” Journal of Medical Virology, Apr. 1999, 58(1):93-99, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Pielak, R.M., et al., “Influenza M2 proton channels,” Biochim Biophys Acta, 2011, 1808(2):522-529, 16 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Portnoff, A.D., et al., “Influenza Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicits Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against Structurally Distinct Domains of H3N2 HA,” Vaccines, 2020, 8:99, 17 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Prevent, definition of, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th Ed., Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1998, p. 924, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Punjani, A., et al., “cryoSPARC: Algorithms for rapid unsupervised cryo-EM structure determination,” Nat Methods, 2017, 14(3):290-296, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Radloff, C., et al., “Metal Nanoshell Assembly on a Virus Bioscaffold,” Nano Lett, 2005, 5(6):1187-1191, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Ravan, V., et al., “Tissue distribution of histo-blood group antigens,” APMIS, 2000, 108:1-28, 28 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Reeck, A., et al., “Serological Correlate of Protection against Norovirus-Induced Gastroenteritis,” J Infect Dis, 2010, 202:1212-1218, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Rolfes, M.A., et al., “Effects of Influenza Vaccination in the United States During the 2017-2018 Influenza Season,” Clin Infect Dis, 2019, 69:1845-1853, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Rosillon, D., et al., “Risk of Intussusception After Rotavirus Vaccination: Meta-analysis of Postlicensure Studies,” Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2015, 34:763-768, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Saelens, X., “The Role of Matrix Protein 2 Ectodomain in the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines,” J Infect Dis, 2019, 219(Suppl 1):S68-S74, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Savithri, H.S., et al., “The Self-Assembly of the Cowpea Strain of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus: Formation of T =1 and T =3 Nucleoprotein Particles,” Virol, 1983, 126(1):328-335, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Scheres, S.H.W., “A Bayesian View on Cryo-EM Structure Determination,” J Mol Biol, 2012, 415(2):406-418, 13 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Schwartz, S., et al., “Norovirus gastroenteritis causes severe and lethal complications after chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,” Blood, 2011, 117(22):5850-5856, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Settembre, E.C., et al., “Atomic model of an infectious rotavirus particle,” Embo J, 2011, 30:408-416, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Shanker, S., et al., “Structural Analysis of Determinants of Histo-Blood Group Antigen Binding Specificity in Genogroup I Noroviruses,” J Virol, 2014, 88(11):6168-6180, 13 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Shanker, S., et al., “Structural Analysis of Histo-Blood Group Antigen Binding Specificity in a Norovirus GII.4 Epidemic Variant: Implications for Epochal Evolution,” J Virol, 2011, 85(17):8635-8645, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Shi, Y., et al., “Structures and Receptor Binding of Hemagglutinins from Human-Infecting H7N9 Influenza Viruses,” Science, 2013, 342:243-247, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Shoemaker, G.K., et al., “Norwalk Virus Assembly and Stability Monitored by Mass Spectrometry,” Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, 2010, 9:1742-1751, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Silverman, R.B., “Drug Discovery, Design, and Development,” Chapter 2 in The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA, 1992, pp. 4-47, 56 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Sixth International Symposium on Positive Strand RNA Viruses (May 28-Jun. 2, 2001), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Scientific Program Abstracts “Norwalk Virus Binds to H Type 1 Histro-Blood Group Antigen Present on Ga…
[cited by applicant]
Skowronski, D.M., et al., “Low 2012-13 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Associated with Mutation in the Egg-Adapted H3N2 Vaccine Strain not Antigenic Drift in Circulating Viruses,” PLoS One, 2014, 9(3):e92153, 15 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Smith, G., et al., “Novel hemagglutinin nanoparticle influenza vaccine with Matrix-M™ adjuvant induces hemagglutination inhibition, neutralizing, and protective responses in ferrets against homologous and drifted A(H3N2…
[cited by applicant]
Sorger, P.K., et al., “Structure and Assembly of Turnip Crinkle Virus, II. Mechanism of Reassembly in Vitro,” J Mol Biol, 1986, 191:639-658, 20 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Su, S., et al., “Epidemiology, Evolution, and Pathogenesis of H7N9 Influenza Viruses in Five Epidemic Waves since 2013 in China,” Trends Microbiol, 2017, 25(9):713-728, 16 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tamura, M. et al., “Interaction of Recombinant Norwalk Virus Particles with the 105-Kilodalton Cellular Binding Protein, a Candidate Receptor Molecule for Virus Attachment,” J Virol, 2000, 74(24):11589-11597, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Conservation of Carbohydrate Binding Interfaces—Evidence of Human HBGA Selection in Norovirus Evolution,” PLoS One, 2009, 4(4):e5058, 14 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “C-Terminal Arginine Cluster Is Essential for Receptor Binding of Norovirus Capsid Protein,” J Virol, 2006, 80(15):7322-7331, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, et al., “
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Elucidation of strain-specific interaction of a GII-4 norovirus with HBGA receptors by site-directed mutagenesis study,” Virol, 2008, 379(2):324-334, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Histo-blood group antigens: a common niche for norovirus and rotavirus,” Expert Rev Mol Med, 2014, 16:e5, 20 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Mutations within the P2 Domain of Norovirus Capsid Affect Binding to Human Histo-Blood Group Antigens: Evidence for a Binding Pocket,” J Virol, 2003, 77(23):12562-12571, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Nanoparticles of norovirus,” in
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Noroviral P particle: Structure, function and applications in virus-host interaction,” Virology, 2008, 382(1):115-123, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Norovirus Capsid Protein-Derived Nanoparticles and Polymers as Versatile Platforms for Antigen Presentation and Vaccine Development,” Pharmaceutics, 2019, 11:472, 16 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Norovirus and its histo-blood group antigen receptors: an answer to a historical puzzle,” Trends Microbiol, 2005, 13(6):285-293, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Norovirus Gastroenteritis, Carbohydrate Receptors, and Animal Models,” PLoS Pathog, 2010, 6(8):e1000983, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Norovirus-host interaction: implications for disease control and prevention,” Expert Rev Mol Med, 2007, 9(19):1-22, 22 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Norovirus-host interaction: multi-selections by human HBGAs,” Trends Microbiol, 2011, 19(8):382-388, 13 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Norovirus P Particle, a Novel Platform for Vaccine Development and Antibody Production,” J Virol, 2011, 85(2):753-764, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Norovirus P particle: a subviral nanoparticle for vaccine development against norovirus, rotavirus and influenza virus,” Nanomedicine, 2012, 7(6):889-897, 14 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Recent advancements in combination subunit vaccine development,” Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2017, 13(1):180-185, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Saliva as a source of reagent to study human susceptibility to avian influenza H7N9 virus infection,” Emerg Microbes Infect, 2018, 7:156, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Subviral Particle as Vaccine and Vaccine Platform,” Curr Opin Virol., 2014, 0:24-33, 18 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “Terminal modifications of norovirus P domain resulted in a new type of subviral particles, the small P particles,” Virology, 2011, 410:345-352, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan et al., “The formation of P particle increased immunogenicity of norovirus P protein,” Immunology, 2012, 136:28-29, 2 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “The P Domain of Norovirus Capsid Protein Forms a Subviral Particle That Binds to Histo-Blood Group Antigen Receptors,” J Virol, 2005, 79(22):14017-14030, 14 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tan, M., et al., “The P Domain of Norovirus Capsid Protein Forms Dimer and Binds to Histo-Blood Group Antigen Receptors,” J Virol, 2004, 78(12):6233-6242, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tate, J.E., et al., “2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysi…
[cited by applicant]
Taube, S., et al., “Murine Noroviruses Bind Glycolipid and Glycoprotein Attachment Receptors in a Strain-Dependent Manner,” J Virol, 2012, 86(10):5584-5593, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tharakaraman, K., et al., “Glycan-Receptor Binding of the Influenza A Virus H7N9 Hemagglutinin,” Cell, 2013, 153(7):1486-1493, 14 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Thompson, C.P., et al., “A naturally protective epitope of limited variability as an influenza vaccine target,” Nat Commun, 2018, 9:3859, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Tini, M., et al., “Generation and application of chicken egg-yolk antibodies,” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A, 2002, 131:569-574, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Treanor, J. J. et al., “Development of an enzyme immunoassay for the Hawaii agent of viral gastroenteritis,” Journal of Virol Methods, Dec. 1988, 22(2-3):207-214, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Troy, D.B. (ed.), et al., Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2006, p. 89, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Vega, C., et al., “Egg yolk IgY: Protection against rotavirus induced diarrhea and modulatory effect on the systemic and mucosal antibody responses in newborn calves,” Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 2011, 142:156-169, 14 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Venkataram Prasad, B.V., et al., “X-Ray Crystallographic Structure of the Norwalk Virus Capsid,” Science, Oct. 1999, 286:287-290, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Vesikari, T., et al., “Efficacy of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in reducing rotavirus-associated health care utilization across three regions (11 countries),” Int J Infect Dis, 2007, 11(Suppl 2):S29-S35, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Villoutreix, B.O., et al., “Structure-Based Virtual Ligand Screening: Recent Success Stories,” Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 2009, 12:1000-1016, 17 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Wang, L., et al., “A Dual Vaccine Candidate against Norovirus and Hepatitis E Virus,” Vaccine, 2014, 32(4):445-452, 16 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Wang, L., et al., “Branched-linear and agglomerate protein polymers as vaccine platforms,” Biomaterials, 2014, 35:8427-8438, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Wang, L. Y., et al., Outer capsid protein VP4 [Human rotavirus A], Protein sequence, UniProtKB-H6WUJ8 (H6WUJ8_9REOV), Submitted Apr. 18, 2012, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Wang, L., et al., “Polyvalent complexes for vaccine development,” Biomaterials, 2013, 34(18):4480-4492, 13 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Wang, L.Y., et al., VP4, partial [Human rotavirus A], RNA sequence, GenBank: AFA25718.1, Submitted Dec. 21, 2011, 1 pg.
[cited by applicant]
Weintraub, E.S. et al., “Risk of Intussusception after Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccination,” N Engl J Med, 2014, 370:513-519, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Wen, X., et al., “Tandem truncated rotavirus VP8* subunit protein with T cell epitope as non-replicating parenteral vaccine is highly immunogenic,” Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2015, 11(10):2483-2489, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
White, L.J., et al., “Attachment and Entry of Recombinant Norwalk Virus Capsids to Cultured human and Animal Cell Lines,” J Virol, Oct. 1996, 70(10):6589-6597, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
White, L.J., et al., “Biochemical Characterization of a Smaller Form of Recombinant Norwalk Virus Capsids Assembled in Insect Cells,” J Virol, Oct. 1997, 71(10):8066-8072, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Whittle, J.R.R., et al., “Broadly neutralizing human antibody that recognizes the receptor-binding pocket of influenza virus hemagglutinin,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2011, 108(34):14216-14221, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Wobus, C.E., et al., “Replication of Norovirus in Cell Culture Reveals a Tropism for Dendritic Cells and Macrophages,” PLoS Biol, 2004, 2(12):e432, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Wolf, A., et al., “In Silico Drug Discovery Approaches on Grid Computing Infrastructures,” Current Clinical Pharmacology, 2010, 5:37-46, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
World Health Organization (WHO), “8 Things to know about pandemic influenza,” [Online]. www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/8-things-to-know-about-pandemic-influenza, 2019, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Wu, N.C., et al., “A structural explanation for the low effectiveness of the seasonal influenza H3N2 vaccine,” PLoS Pathog, 2017, 13(10):e1006682, 17 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Xia, M., et al., “A candidate dual vaccine against influenza and noroviruses,” Vaccine, 2011, 29(44):7670-7677, 16 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Xia, M., et al., “A Nanoparticle-Based Trivalent Vaccine Targeting the Glycan Binding VP8* Domains of Rotaviruses,” Viruses, 2021, 13:72, 15 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Xia, M., et al., “A trivalent vaccine candidate against hepatitis E virus, norovirus, and astrovirus,” Vaccine, 2016, 34(7):905-913, 24 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Xia, M., et al., “Bioengineered Norovirus S
[cited by applicant]
Xia, M., et al., “Bioengineered pseudovirus nanoparticles displaying the HA
[cited by applicant]
Xia, M., et al., “Development and evaluation of two subunit vaccine candidates containing antigens of hepatitis E virus, rotavirus, and astrovirus,” Sci Rep, 2016, 6:25735, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Xia, M. et al., “Immune Response and Protective Efficacy of the S Particle Presented Rotavirus VP8* Vaccine in Mice,” Vaccine, 2019, 37(30):4103-4110, 18 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Xia, M., et al., “Norovirus Capsid Protein Expressed in Yeast Forms Virus-like Particles and Stimulates Systemic and Mucosal Immunity in Mice Following an Oral Administration of Raw Yeast Extracts,” J Med Virol, 2007, 7…
[cited by applicant]
Xu, R., et al., “Preferential recognition of avian-like receptors in human influenza A H7N9 viruses” Science, 2013, 342(6163):1230-1235, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Xu, Y., et al., “Application of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins in the control of terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases: A review,” Biotechnol Adv, 2011, 29:860-868, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Yang, H., et al., “Structural Analysis of the Hemagglutinin from the Recent 2013 H7N9 Influenza Virus,” J Virol, 2013, 87(22):12433-12446, 14 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Yang, Y., et al., capsid protein, [Norovirus Hu/GII.4/082686/Alberta/2000/CA], Protein sequence, GenBank: ADF50093.1, submitted Apr. 25, 2010, 1 pg.
[cited by applicant]
Yassine, H.M., et al., “Hemagglutinin-stem nanoparticles generate heterosubtypic influenza protection,” Nat Med, 2015, 21(9):1065-1070, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Yen, C., et al., “Rotavirus vaccines: Update on global impact and future priorities,” Human Vaccines, 2011, 7(12):1282-1290, 9 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Yih, W.K., et al., “Intussusception Risk after Rotavirus Vaccination in U.S. Infants,” N Engl J Med, 2014, 370(6):503-512, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Yung, C-F., et al., “Intussusception and Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccination in Singapore: Self-Controlled Case Series and Risk-Benefit Study,” J Pediatr, 2015, 167: 163-168 & 168.el, 7 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Zaman, K., et al., “Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in Asia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial,” Lancet, 2010, 376…
[cited by applicant]
Zhang, K., “Gctf: Real-time CTF determination and correction,” J Struct Biol, 2016, 193(1):1-12, 12 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Zhang, X-F., et al., “Tannic acid inhibited norovirus binding to HBGA receptors, a study of 50 Chinese medicinal herbs,” Bioorg Med Chem, 2012, 20:1616-1623, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Zheng, D-P., et al., “Molecular Epidemiology of Genogroup II-Genotype 4 Noroviruses in the United States between 1994 and 2006,” J Clin Microbiol, 2010, 48(1):168-177, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Zost, S.J., et al., “Contemporary H3N2 influenza viruses have a glycosylation site that alters binding of antibodies elicited by egg-adapted vaccine strains,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2017, 114(47):12578-12583, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Australian Information Statement Documentary Search Results dated May 16, 2007 for Application No. AU 2003273206, 1 pg.
[cited by applicant]
Canadian Office Action dated Jan. 26, 2010 for Application No. CA 2,487,846, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Canadian Response and Amendment filed Jul. 16, 2010 for Application No. CA 2,487,846, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Canadian Response and Amendment filed Mar. 3, 2011 for Application No. CA 2,487,846, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chinese Office Action, The First Office Action, and First Search Report dated Jul. 11, 2013 for Application No. CN 201080035302.2, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chinese Office Action, The Second Office Action, dated Apr. 28, 2014 for Application No. CN 201080035302.2, 11 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chinese Office Action, The First Office Action, and First Search Report dated Feb. 3, 2020 for Application No. CN 201710198133.8, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chinese Office Action, The Second Office Action, dated Jun. 29, 2020 for Application No. CN 201710198133.8, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Chinese Office Action, The First Office Action, and First Search, dated Oct. 28, 2022 for Application No. CN 201880017019.3, 10 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report, Supplementary Partial, dated Sep. 28, 2005 for Application No. EP 03741844.9, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report, Supplementary, and Written Opinion dated Jan. 7, 2013 for Application No. EP 10786797.0, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report, Supplementary, and Written Opinion dated Jan. 13, 2021 for Application No. EP 18777340.3, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report dated Jan. 14, 2005 for Application No. PCT/US2003/017247, 4 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Examination Report dated Mar. 21, 2005 for Application No. PCT/US2003/017247, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report dated Apr. 23, 2007 for Application No. PCT/US2006/023407, 2 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability and Written Opinion dated Dec. 17, 2007 for Application No. PCT/US2006/023407, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report dated Mar. 31, 2011 for Application No. PCT/US2010/038008, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability and Written Opinion dated Dec. 12, 2011 for Application No. PCT/US2010/038008, 5 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Oct. 16, 2013 for Application No. PCT/US2013/050004, 17 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Dec. 23, 2013 for Application No. PCT/US2013/050044, 8 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, Corrected, dated Jul. 16, 2018 for Application No. PCT/US2018/022552, 14 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jul. 7, 2022 for Application No. PCT/US2022/016535, 15 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Japanese Office Action dated Oct. 21, 2014 for Application No. JP 2012-515109, 3 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Japanese Office Action dated Jun. 9, 2015 for Application No. JP 2012-515109, 2 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
Japanese Office Action, Notice of Reasons for Refusal, dated Feb. 22, 2022 for Application No. JP 2019-546799, 6 pgs.
[cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 63/149,742, filed Feb. 16, 2021.
[cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 63/162,369, filed Mar. 17, 2021.
[cited by applicant]