Methods and systems for recovering terpene compositions from wood drying exhaust
Methods and systems for recovering terpenes and controlling the composition of terpenes collected from wood drying processes are provided. In particular, a sorbent having adsorbed materials, including terpenes, from a wood drying process can be desorbed in a desorber, resulting in a gaseous stream containing terpenes, which can be condensed and collected from the gaseous stream. The conditions of desorption can be controlled to ensure a desirable amount of alpha-pinene and beta-pinene relative to other terpenes, such as dipentene and camphene, in the collected terpenes.
1 . A method for controlling emissions, comprising:
obtaining an exhaust stream from a drying process, the exhaust stream comprising one or more emissions selected from the group consisting of terpenes, formaldehyde, methanol, acetic acid, acetone, and fatty acids;
flowing the exhaust stream through a fluidized bed of sorbent, wherein the sorbent is configured to capture any one or more of the emissions from the exhaust stream at a first temperature;
heating the sorbent at a second temperature sufficient to release any of the captured exhaust compounds from the sorbent to provide a gaseous stream comprising the released exhaust compounds and to provide a partially regenerated sorbent; and
heating the partially regenerated sorbent at a third temperature sufficient to thermally reactivate the partially regenerated sorbent, providing reactivated sorbent; and
returning the reactivated sorbent to the fluidized bed of sorbent.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is about 130° F. to about 220° F., the second temperature is about 302° F. to about 450° F., and the third temperature is about 1,000° F. to about 1,600° F.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein any one or more of the emissions are captured from the exhaust stream by adsorption, absorption or both.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the terpene comprises alpha-pinene, beta- pinene, or a combination thereof.
5 . The method of claim 1 , further the sorbent is heated at the first temperature for about 30 minutes to less than about 2 hours.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous stream comprising the released exhaust compounds further comprises nitrogen, steam, or both.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous stream comprises at least 95 wt % nitrogen.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the exhaust stream further comprises phenol, acrolein, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, or combinations thereof.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent comprises carbon, activated carbon, zeolite, silica, fumed silica, silica gel, purolytic synthetic material, polymeric material, activated alumina, bauxite, amorphous clay, crystalline clay, mixed layer clays, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium silicate, molecular sieves, zirconium oxide, or any combinations thereof.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent comprises one or more beads or particles, each having a pore size less than 2 nm, a pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm, or a pore size greater than 50 nm.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent comprises activated carbon, bead activated carbon (BAC), or a combination thereof.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the sorbent is activated carbon in the form of carbon fiber, chop, felt, yarn, powder, granular, pellets, or embedded in a cloth.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the sorbent comprises bead activated carbon (BAC) having an average diameter of about 10 microns to about 800 microns.
14 . A method for controlling emissions, comprising:
obtaining a process exhaust stream comprising one or more VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof;
flowing the process exhaust stream through a fluidized bed of sorbent having a first temperature of about 130° F. to about 220° F., the sorbent configured to capture the one or more VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof from the process exhaust stream at the first temperature;
heating the sorbent having the captured one or more VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof at a second temperature of about 302° F. to about 450° F. to release the captured one or more VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof from the sorbent to provide a gaseous stream comprising the released one or more VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof;
heating a side stream from the fluidized bed at a third temperature of about 1,000° F. to about 1,600° F. to thermally reactivate the sorbent; and
returning the reactivated sorbent to the fluidized bed.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the process exhaust stream is derived from drying any one or more woods comprising cedars, firs, spruces, pines, larch, hemlock, juniper, redwood, yew, birches, elms, maples, eucalyptus, alder, ash, aspen, oak, poplar, bamboo, basswood, beech, cottonwood, willow, and combinations thereof.
16 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising chemically treating the side stream from the fluidized bed using steam, super critical carbon dioxide, caustic solution, or any combination thereof.
17 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the process exhaust stream further comprises air, steam, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, NOR, inorganic compounds, or combinations thereof.
18 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the HAPs are selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, methanol, phenol, acrolein, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde.
19 . A method for controlling emissions, comprising:
contacting a process exhaust stream comprising one or more VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof with a sorbent at a first temperature, the sorbent configured to capture the one or more VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof from the process exhaust stream at the first temperature;
thermally treating the sorbent having the captured VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof at a second temperature, the second temperature sufficient to release the captured VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof from the sorbent to provide a gaseous stream comprising the released VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof and treated sorbent;
thermally reactivating a portion of the treated sorbent at a third temperature sufficient to thermally reactivate the sorbent, the third temperature at least 500° C. greater than the second temperature;
combining the treated sorbent and the reactivated sorbent;
contacting the combined treated sorbent and the reactivated sorbent with the process exhaust stream; and
collecting the released VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof from the gaseous stream, wherein the gaseous stream comprises at least 90% of the VOCs, HAPs, or combinations thereof from the process exhaust stream.
20 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising chemically treating the sorbent using steam, super critical carbon dioxide, caustic solution, or any combination thereof while thermally reactivating the sorbent at the third temperature.