Fast intensity stabilization of multiple controller beams with continuous integrating filter
Aspects of the present disclosure describe techniques for fast stabilization of multiple controller beams with continuous integrating filter. For example, a method is described for intensity stabilization of laser beams (e.g., ion controller beams) in a trapped ion system, where the method includes applying a linear array of laser beams to respective ions in a linear array of ions in a trap, performing, in response to the laser beams being applied, parallel measurements on the ions, the parallel measurements including multiple, separate measurements on each of the ions to identify fluctuations in intensity in the respective laser beams at each ion, and adjusting the intensity of one or more of the laser beams in response to fluctuations being identified from the parallel measurements. A corresponding system for intensity stabilization of laser beams in a trapped ion system is also described.
1. A method for stabilizing laser beams in a quantum computing system, the method comprising:
applying an array of laser beams to respective ions in an ion trap of the quantum computing system;
performing at least one separate measurement directly on each of the ions to identify fluctuations in intensity in the respective laser beams of the array of laser beams; and
adjusting the intensity of one or more of the laser beams in response to fluctuations identified from the at least one separately measurement of each of the ions.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the performing of the at least one separate measurement comprises performing, in response to the laser beams being applied, parallel measurements on the ions.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one separate measurement comprises multiple, separate measurements on a particular ion that is a measurement of a response of that ion to the respective laser beam.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the performing of the parallel measurements includes performing an integration of the multiple, separate measurements on each of the ions to identify fluctuations in intensity in the respective laser beams.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein, for the at least one measurement on a respective ion of the ions in the ion trap, the method further comprises:
preparing the ion to a quantum state, |0>, wherein the respective laser beam is applied to that ion for a fixed period of time t that produces an equal superposition of the |0> and |1> quantum states if the intensity of the laser beam is correct, and with a frequency that drives Rabi flopping of the ion between the |0> and |1> quantum states; and
measuring a response of the ion to the application of the respective laser beam as either a “1” or a “0”, wherein the “1” is indicative of a bright state of the ion and the “0” is indicative of a dark state of the ion.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the fixed period of time t is set to drive a laser beam pulse that is an odd multiple of
π
2
,
wherein higher odd multiples of
π
2
are more sensitive to fluctuations in intensity than lower odd multiples of
π
2
.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the fixed period of time t is set to drive a
9
π
2
laser beam pulse.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjusting of the intensity of the one or more laser beams includes controlling the one or more laser beams using a radio frequency (RF) signal that is applied to a respective channel in a multi-channel acousto-optic modulator (AOM).
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the controlling of each of the one or more laser beams using the RF signal includes adjusting an amplitude of the RF signal in response to the identification of fluctuations in intensity in the respective laser beam.
10. The method of claim 8 ,
wherein controlling each of the one or more laser beams using the RF signal includes adjusting a first digital number, A, corresponding to an amplitude of the RF signal, based on a second digital number, B, corresponding to a gain of a feedback loop of the multiple, separate measurements, in response to the identification of fluctuations in intensity in the respective laser beam, and
wherein the most significant bits (MSBs) of the first digital number, A, are bits representative of a physical value of an amplitude of the respective RF signal.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
each laser beam of the array of laser beams has a diameter of approximately 1 μm to 1.5 μm at a respective position of the respective ion, and
the ions in the ion trap are separated from each other by a distance of approximately 5 μm.
12. A system for stabilizing laser beams in a quantum computing system, comprising:
laser sources configured to apply an array of laser beams to respective ions in an ion trap of the quantum computing system;
an imaging system configured to perform at least one separate measurement directly on each of the ions to identify fluctuations in intensity in the respective laser beams of the array of laser beams; and
an optical controller configured to adjust the intensity of one or more of the laser beams in response to fluctuations identified from the at least one separately measurement of each of the ions.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the imaging system is further configured to perform the at least one separate measurement by performing, in response to the laser beams being applied, parallel measurements on the ions.
14. The system of claim 13 ,
wherein the at least one separate measurement comprises multiple, separate measurements on a particular ion that is a measurement of a response of that ion to the respective laser beam, and
wherein the imaging system is further configured to perform the parallel measurements by performing an integration of the multiple, separate measurements on each of the ions to identify fluctuations in intensity in the respective laser beams.
15. The system of claim 12 , wherein, for the at least one measurement on a respective ion of the ions in the ion trap, the imaging system is further configured to:
prepare the ion to a quantum state, |0>, wherein the respective laser beam is applied to that ion for a fixed period of time t that produces an equal superposition of the |0> and |1> quantum states if the intensity of the laser beam is correct, and with a frequency that drives Rabi flopping of the ion between the |0> and |1> quantum states; and
measure a response of the ion to the application of the respective laser beam as either a “1” or a “0”, wherein the “1” is indicative of a bright state of the ion and the “0” is indicative of a dark state of the ion.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the fixed period of time t is set to drive a laser beam pulse that is an odd multiple of
π
2
,
wherein higher odd multiples of
π
2
are more sensitive to fluctuations in intensity than lower odd multiples of
π
2
.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein the fixed period of time t is set to drive a
9
π
2
laser beam pulse.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein the optical controller is further configured to adjust the intensity of the one or more laser beams by:
controlling the one or more laser beams using a radio frequency (RF) signal that is applied to a respective channel in a multi-channel acousto-optic modulator (AOM), and
adjusting an amplitude of the RF signal in response to the identification of fluctuations in intensity in the respective laser beam.
19. The system of claim 18 ,
wherein the optical controller is further configured to control each of the one or more laser beams using the RF signal by adjusting a first digital number, A, corresponding to an amplitude of the RF signal, based on a second digital number, B, corresponding to a gain of a feedback loop of the multiple, separate measurements, in response to the identification of fluctuations in intensity in the respective laser beam, and
wherein the most significant bits (MSBs) of the first digital number, A, are bits representative of a physical value of an amplitude of the respective RF signal.
20. The system of claim 12 , wherein:
each laser beam of the array of laser beams has a diameter of approximately 1 μm to 1.5 μm at a respective position of the respective ion, and
the ions in the ion trap are separated from each other by a distance of approximately 5 μm.