Negative active material for rechargeable lithium battery, method of preparing the same and rechargeable lithium battery including the same
A negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a core including a SiO 2 matrix and a Si grain, and a coating layer continuously or discontinuously coated on the core. The coating layer includes SiC and C, and the peak area ratio of the SiC (111) plane to the Si (111) plane as measured by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) using a CuKα ray ranges from about 0.01 to about 0.5.
1. A negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery, comprising:
a core comprising a Si grain in a SiO 2 matrix; and
a coating layer on at least a portion of the core, the coating layer comprising carbon,
wherein in the core of the negative active material, amounts of the SiO 2 matrix and the Si grain are sufficient to yield an oxygen and silicon content represented by SiOx in which 1≤x≤1.2, and
wherein the coating layer comprises SiC, with a peak area ratio of the SiC (111) plane to the Si (111) plane as measured by X-ray diffraction analysis using a CuKα ray in a range from about 0.1 to about 0.5.
2. The negative active material according to claim 1 , wherein the coating layer has a thickness of about 0.01 μm to about 1 μm, and
wherein the negative active material has an average particle size of about 0.5 μm to about 50 μm.
3. The negative active material according to claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the core to the coating layer is about 99.9:0.1 to about 90:10.
4. The negative active material according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon comprises crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, or a combination thereof.
5. The negative active material according to claim 4 , wherein the amorphous carbon comprises soft carbon, hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbonized products, fired coke, or a combination thereof.
6. The negative active material according to claim 4 , wherein the carbon is comprised in SiC or a carbonized carbonaceous material.
7. A rechargeable lithium battery comprising:
a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material;
an electrolyte comprising a non-aqueous organic solvent;
a separator; and
a negative electrode comprising a negative active material comprising:
a core comprising a Si grain in a SiO 2 matrix; and
a coating layer on at least a portion of the core, the coating layer comprising carbon,
wherein in the core of the negative active material, amounts of the SiO 2 matrix and the Si grain are sufficient to yield an oxygen and silicon content represented by SiOx in which 1≤x≤1.2, and wherein the coating layer comprises SiC, with a peak area ratio of the SiC (111) plane to the Si (111) plane as measured by X-ray diffraction analysis using a CuKα ray in a range from about 0.1 to about 0.5.
8. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 7 , wherein the coating layer has a thickness of about 0.01 μm to about 1 μm, and wherein the negative active material has an average particle size of about 0.5 μm to about 50 μm.
9. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 7 , wherein a weight ratio of the core to the coating layer is about 99.9:0.1 to about 90:10.
10. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 7 , wherein the positive electrode active material comprises at least two of Ni, Mn, and Al.
11. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 7 , wherein the carbon comprises crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, or a combination thereof.
12. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 11 , wherein the amorphous carbon comprises soft carbon, hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbonized products, fired coke, or a combination thereof.
13. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 7 , wherein the carbon is comprised in SiC or a carbonized carbonaceous material.
14. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 7 , wherein the negative active material further comprises a binder, a conductive material, or a combination thereof.
15. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 14 , wherein the conductive material comprises a carbon-based material comprising: natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, or carbon fibers; a metal-based material comprising metal powders or metal fibers comprising copper, nickel, aluminum, or silver; a conductive polymer comprising polyphenylene derivatives; or a combination thereof.
16. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 7 , wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent comprises a cyclic carbonate and a linear carbonate.
17. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 16 , wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent further comprises vinylene carbonate, an ethylene carbonate-based compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 2, or a combination thereof:
wherein in Chemical Formula 2, each of R 7 and R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogens, cyano groups (CN), nitro groups (NO 2 ), or C1 to C5 fluoroalkyl groups, provided that at least one of R 7 and R 8 is selected from halogens, cyano groups (CN), nitro groups (NO 2 ), or C1 to C5 fluoroalkyl groups.
18. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 17 , wherein the ethylene carbonate-based compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 comprises difluoroethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, dichloroethylene carbonate, bromoethylene carbonate, dibromoethylene carbonate, nitroethylene carbonate, cyanoethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, or a combination thereof.
19. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 7 , wherein the separator comprises polyethylene.
20. The rechargeable lithium battery according to claim 7 , wherein the separator comprises a ceramic component.