ELECTROLYTIC CELL FORMATION
Apparatus and method for forming solid-electrolyte-interface layers on electrodes of a plurality of electrolytic cells involves use of a cell formation fixture configured to define a scalable and pressurizable volume containing the electrolytic cells, while exposing terminals of the cells to ambient atmospheric pressure.
1 . An electrolytic cell formation apparatus comprising:
a fixture configured for holding a plurality of electrolytic cells, the fixture defining a sealable volume that can be pressurized with a fluid to exert a pressure on walls of the plurality of electrolytic cells that is greater than ambient pressure, while exposing terminals to ambient pressure.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein structure for holding the plurality of electrolytic cells includes opposite clamping plates, each clamping plate having a plurality of retainers for releasably engaging respective opposing terminals of the plurality of electrolytic cells.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sealable volume is defined by a side wall circumscribing the plurality of electrolytic cells, opposite lower and upper pressure plates, seals between ends of the electrolytic cells and the pressure plates, and seals between the side wall and the upper and lower pressure plates.
4 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the retainers are electrically conductive and pairs of retainers are electrically connected to facilitate charging of a plurality of cells connected in series.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fixture includes a fluid inlet for introducing a pressurized fluid into the sealable volume.
6 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the fluid inlet is provided through the side wall.
7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a pressure sensor is provided to monitor pressure in the sealable volume.
8 . The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein a control valve is provided at the fluid inlet to control pressure in the sealable volume.
9 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the retainers are pogo pins.
10 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the clamping plates have a multilayer structure, including a structural layer to hold a desired pressure in the sealable volume, a dielectric layer for holding the retainers, and a sealing layer comprising an elastomeric material.
11 . A method of forming a solid-electrolyte-interface layer on electrodes of a plurality of electrolytic cells, comprising:
positioning a plurality of electrolytic cells in a formation fixture configured to define a sealable volume;
sealing and pressurizing the sealable volume with a fluid; and
applying a charging current to terminals of the plurality of cells.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein structure for holding the plurality of electrolytic cells includes opposite clamping plates, each clamping plate having a plurality of retainers for releasably engaging respective opposing terminals of the plurality of electrolytic cells.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the sealable volume is defined by a side wall circumscribing the plurality of electrolytic cells, opposite lower and upper pressure plates, seals between ends of the electrolytic cells and the pressure plates, and seals between the side wall and the upper and lower pressure plates.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the pogo pins are electrically conductive and pairs of retainers are electrically connected to facilitate charging of a plurality of cells connected in series.
15 . The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the fixture includes a fluid inlet for introducing a pressurized fluid into the sealable volume.
16 . The method of 13 , wherein the fluid inlet is provided through the side wall for introducing pressurized fluid into the sealable volume.
17 . The method of claim 11 , wherein a pressure sensor is provided to monitor pressure in the sealable volume.
18 . The method of claim 14 , wherein a control valve is provided at the fluid inlet to control pressure in the sealable volume.
19 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the fluid is compressed air.
20 . The method of claim 11 , wherein positioning of the plurality of cells in the formation fixture is done simultaneously using a cell tray.
21 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of electrolytic cells are lithium ion cells.
22 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of electrolytic cells are lithium iron phosphate cells.
23 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the retainers are pogo pins.
24 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the clamping plates have a multilayer structure, including a structural layer to hold a desired pressure in the sealable volume, a dielectric layer for holding the retainers, and a sealing layer comprising an elastomeric material.