Enhanced distillate oil recovery from thermal processing and catalytic cracking of biomass slurry
A method for thermal processing and catalytic cracking of a biomass to effect distillate oil recovery can include, particle size reduction. slurrying the biomass with a carrier fluid to create a reaction mixture, slurrying a catalyst with a carrier fluid to create a catalyst slurry, heating the reaction mixture and/or the catalyst slurry, and depolymerizing the reaction mixture with the catalyst. The reaction mixture can undergo distillation and fractionation to produce distillate fractions that include naphtha, kerosene, and diesel. In some embodiments, thermal processing and catalytic cracking includes vaporization of the biomass followed by distillation and fractionation. In some embodiments, a resulting distillate can be used as a carrier fluid. In some embodiments, the method can include desulfurization, dehydration, and/or decontamination.
1 . An apparatus for thermal processing and catalytic cracking of an amount of a biomass comprising:
a hopper configured to feed said amount of said biomass into a particle size reduction device wherein said particle size reduction device transforms said amount of said biomass into a particulate powder;
a slurrying device and/or a blend vessel, wherein said particulate powder is mixed with a carrier fluid in said slurrying device and/or said blend vessel to form a reaction mixture;
a heating device configured to heat said reaction mixture to create a hot reaction mixture;
a heating vessel configured to heat said hot reaction mixture to a heated dehydrated reaction mixture at a first temperature;
a second heating device configured to heat a catalyst slurry to a second temperature to create a heated catalyst slurry, wherein said catalyst slurry comprises a catalyst and said carrier fluid; and
a reactor wherein said heated dehydrated reaction mixture is mixed with said heated catalyst slurry to form a catalytically active biomass slurry that undergoes catalytic depolymerization to form a fuel
wherein said second temperature is below the activation temperature of said catalyst and wherein said first temperature is above the activation temperature of said catalyst.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said hopper includes a metering valve.
3 . The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said metering valve is a variable speed controlled rotary valve.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said particle size reduction device is a an ultrasound particle size reduction unit.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said apparatus comprises said slurrying device and wherein said slurrying device is a jet mixer.
6 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said carrier fluid is an oil.
7 . The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said oil is a motor oil and/or a vegetable based oil.
8 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said heating device is a spiral heat exchanger configured to heat said reaction mixture to a temperature up to 160° C.
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said heating vessel includes a heating vessel mixer.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said blend vessel is a circular cone bottom steel tank.
11 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said blend vessel includes a blend mixer, wherein said blend mixer is a swivel mechanical mixer.
12 . The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a distillation tower.
13 . The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an aerial cooler.