Methods of processing lignocellulosic biomass using single-stage autohydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis with C5 bypass and post-hydrolysis
The invention relates, in general, to methods of processing Lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars and to methods that rely on hydrothermal pretreatment. Xylose monomer yields comparable to those achieved using two-stage pretreatments can be achieved from soft Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks by pretreating to very low severity in a single-stage pressurized hydrothermal pretreatment, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to release xylose retained in the solid state. In some embodiments, pretreated biomass is separated into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, the solid fraction subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, and the separated liquid fraction subsequently mixed with the hydrolysed solid fraction.
1. A method of processing lignocellulosic biomass comprising:
Pretreating a soft lignocellulosic biomass feedstock at a pH between 3.5 and 9.0 in a single-stage pressurized hydrothermal pretreatment reactor to very low severity such that the pretreated biomass has a xylan number of 10% or higher, wherein exogenous cellulase enzymes are not added during the pretreatment, and the pretreating does not comprise adding sulphuric acid to the feedstock;
Separating the pretreated biomass into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction;
Hydrolysing the solid fraction using enzymatic hydrolysis catalysed by an enzyme mixture comprising endoglucanase, exoglucanase, B-glucosidase, endoxylanase, xylosidase, and acetyl xylan esterase activities, wherein the enzyme mixture is not added to the liquid fraction; and
Subsequently mixing the separated liquid fraction and the hydrolysed solid fraction;
whereby xylo-oligomers in the liquid fraction are degraded to xylose monomers by action of enzyme activities remaining within the hydrolysed solid fraction.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is wheat straw, corn stover, sugar cane bagasse, sweet sorghum bagasse, or empty fruit bunches.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is washed and/or leached prior to pressurized pretreatment.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is soaked in an acetic acid containing liquid from a subsequent step of the pretreatment prior to pressurized pretreatment.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is subject to pressurized pretreatment at a dry matter content of at least 35%.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein pressurized pretreatment is conducted at a pressure of 10 bar or lower.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is removed from the pressurized pretreatment reactor using a hydrocyclone system or a sluice-type system.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is pretreated to a severity such that the biomass produced has a xylan number of 12% or higher.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid fraction has a dry matter content of 40% or higher.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein monomer xylose yield after post-hydrolysis is at least 60% of theoretical maximal yield.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein monomer glucose yield after hydrolysis is at least 60% of theoretical maximal yield.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzymatic hydrolysis is conducted using a commercially available cellulase preparation optimized for lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzymatic hydrolysis is conducted for at least 96 hours.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzymatic hydrolysis is conducted at between 15% and 23% dry matter content or at 20% or higher dry matter content.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzymatic hydrolysis is conducted using the enzyme mixture comprising exocellulase activities (EC 3.2.1.91), endocellulase activity (EC 3.2.1.4), beta-glucosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.21), beta-1,4 endoxylanase activity (EC 3.2.1.8), and acetyl xylan esterase activity (EC 3.1.1.72), and wherein the enzyme mixture is further characterized by having comprises relative proportions of the enzyme activities such that 1 filter paper units (FPU) of cellulase activity is associated with at least 30 carboxymethycellulose units (CMC U) of endoglucanase activity and with at least 28 para-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside units (pNPG U) of beta-glucosidase activity and with at least 50 birchwood xylanase units (ABX U) of endoxylanase activity.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the enzyme mixture further comprises beta-1,3 xylosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.72), beta-1,4 xylosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.37), and alpha-1,3 and/or alpha-1,5 arabinofuranosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.23).
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein a combined C5/C6 hydrolysate recovered after post-hydrolysis of the liquid fraction is directly fermented to ethanol using one or more modified yeast strains.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid fraction comprises insoluble solids with greater than 50% of associated dissolved solids removed.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 85% of the xylo-oligomers present in the liquid fraction are hydrolysed to the xylose monomers during post-hydrolysis.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid fraction is added to hydrolysed solid fraction after at least 50% cellulose conversion to glucose has been obtained.