Thermally treated polyamic amide aerogel
Thermally treated aerogel compositions that include polyamic amides in an amount less than the aerogel compositions that include polyamic amides prior to thermal treatment, and articles of manufacture that include or are manufactured from the aerogel compositions are described.
1. A thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material having an average pore size of 50 nanometers (nm) to 5,000 nm and comprising a polyamic amide containing co-polymer having two repeating structural units of:
where:
X is a first organic group having at least two carbon atoms;
Y is a second organic group having at least two carbon atoms;
Z and Z′ are each independently a hydroxyl group or a nitrogen containing hydrocarbon compound comprising at least one secondary nitrogen with the proviso that that at least one of Z or Z′ is the nitrogen containing hydrocarbon compound comprising at least one secondary nitrogen, and
m and n are average number of repeat units per chain ranging from 1 to 2000.
2. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the thermally treated material, when exposed to heat, does not produce a gas.
3. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material further comprises a polyamic amide polymer having a repeating structural unit of:
where X, Y, Z, and Z′ are defined as in claim 1 .
4. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein Z or Z′ of the polyamic amide containing co-copolymer further comprises at least one tertiary nitrogen.
5. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 4 , wherein Z or Z′ of is an imidazole or a substituted imidazole, a triazole or a substituted triazole, a tetrazole or substituted tetrazole, a purine or a substituted purine, a pyrazole or a substituted pyrazole, or combinations thereof.
6. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 4 , wherein the secondary and tertiary nitrogen atoms of the polyamic amide containing co-copolymer are separated by at least one carbon atom.
7. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 6 , wherein Z or Z′ of the polyamic amide containing co-copolymer has the following general structure:
where R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are each individually a hydrogen (H) atom, an alkyl group, or a substituted alkyl group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group, or R 4 , and R 5 come together with other atoms to form a fused ring structure.
8. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 7 , wherein the alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
9. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 7 , wherein R 3 is a methyl group or an ethyl group and R 4 and R 5 are H atoms, an alkyl group, or a substituted alkyl group.
10. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 9 , wherein R 3 is a methyl group, and R 4 and R 5 are H atoms.
11. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 9 , wherein R 3 is an ethyl group and R 4 and R 5 are each individually a H atom, an alkyl group, or a substituted alkyl.
12. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein Z′ is a hydroxyl group and Z is an imidazole group.
13. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the Y is derived from hydroquinone dianhydride; 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride; pyromellitic dianhydride; 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride; 3,3′,4,4′-diphenylsulfone-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy)bis(phthalic anhydride); 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)propane dianhydride; 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride; bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)sulfoxide dianhydride; polysiloxane-containing dianhydride; 2,2′,3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride; 2,3,2′,3′-benzophenonetetraearboxylic dianhydride; naphthalene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylie dianhydride; 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride; bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)sulfide dianhydride; bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)methane dianhydride; 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)propane dianhydride; 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropene; 2,6-dichloronaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; 2,7-dichloronapthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; 2,3,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; phenanthrene-8,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; benzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; thiophene-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; or combinations thereof.
14. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the polyamic amide containing copolymer is a branched copolymer.
15. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , further comprising a polyimide polymer.
16. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 15 , wherein the polyimide polymer has a repeating structural unit of:
where X and Y are defined as in claim 1 .
17. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 15 , wherein the thermally treated material includes at least 50 wt. % of the polyimide polymer.
18. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the thermally treated material has an average pore size of 100 nm to 2000 nm in diameter.
19. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the thermally treated material has an average pore size of 1000 nm to 1400 nm in diameter.
20. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the thermally treated material has an average pore size of 1100 nm to 1300 nm.
21. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the thermally treated material is in the form of a film.
22. The thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the thermally treated material is in the form of a monolith.
23. An article of manufacture comprising the thermally treated open-cell structured polymeric material of claim 1 .
24. The article of manufacture of claim 23 , wherein the article of manufacture is an insulative material for an automotive application.
25. The article of manufacture of claim 23 , wherein the article of manufacture is an insulative material for a wire or a cable.
26. The article of manufacture of claim 23 , wherein the article of manufacture is a consumer good.
27. The article of manufacture of claim 23 , wherein the article of manufacture is an insulative material for an aerospace application.