Apparatus and method for controlling step charging of secondary battery
Disclosed is an apparatus and method for controlling step charging of a secondary battery. A charging control unit determines a SOC, an OCV and a polarization voltage of the secondary battery, determines an OCV deviation corresponding to a difference between the OCV and a predefined minimum OCV value, determines a correction factor corresponding to the polarization voltage and the OCV deviation, determines a look-up SOC by correcting the SOC according to the correction factor, determines the magnitude of a charging current corresponding to the look-up SOC, and provides the determined charging current to a charging device.
1 . An apparatus for controlling step charging of a secondary battery, comprising:
a voltage measuring unit including a voltage sensor, a current measuring unit including a current sensor, and a temperature measuring unit including a temperature sensor configured to respectively measure a voltage, a current, and a temperature of the secondary battery; and
a charging control unit including a processor and operably coupled to the voltage measuring unit, the current measuring unit, and the temperature measuring unit,
wherein the charging control unit is configured to execute control logics including:
a control logic to estimate a state of charge (SOC) based on at least one of the measured voltage value, the measured current value, and the measured temperature value;
a control logic to correct the estimated SOC according to a correction factor determined based on a polarization voltage of the secondary battery;
a control logic to determine a magnitude of a charging current based on the corrected SOC and the measured temperature value; and
a control logic to provide information on the determined magnitude of the charging current to a charging device.
2 . The apparatus for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the charging control unit is configured to:
estimate an open circuit voltage (OCV) of the secondary battery based on the at least one of the measured voltage value, the measured current value, and the measured temperature value, and
determine the polarization voltage of the secondary battery based on at least one of an internal resistance of the secondary battery, the measured current value, and the estimated OCV.
3 . The apparatus for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the charging control unit is configured to:
determine an OCV deviation based on a difference between the estimated OCV and a predefined OCV value, and
determine the correction factor based on the polarization voltage and the OCV deviation.
4 . The apparatus for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 3 ,
wherein the charging control unit is configured to determine the correction factor to be proportional to the OCV deviation and to determine the correction factor to be inversely proportional to the polarization voltage.
5 . The apparatus for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the charging control unit is configured to:
determine a look-up SOC by correcting the estimated SOC according to the correction factor, and
determine the magnitude of a charging current based on the look-up SOC and the measured temperature value.
6 . The apparatus for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 5 ,
wherein the charging control unit is configured to periodically estimate the SOC of the secondary battery based on the at least one of the measured voltage value, the measured current value, and the measured temperature value by using an extended Kalman filter while the secondary battery is in a discharging mode or a sleeping mode and to determine the look-up SOC by correcting an SOC estimated just before the start of charging among the plurality of estimated SOCs.
7 . The apparatus for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 1 ,
wherein the charging control unit is configured to estimate an OCV corresponding to the estimated SOC with reference to a predefined correlation between the SOC and the OCV and determine the polarization voltage of the secondary battery based on the estimated OCV.
8 . The apparatus for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 1 ,
wherein the charging control unit is configured to determine the polarization voltage according to an equation below:
dV pol [k]=V cell [k]−V OCV [k]−I[k]R 0 ,
where k is a time index, dV pol [k] is a polarization voltage, V cell [k] is a voltage estimated by an extended Kalman filter or a measured voltage, V ocv [k] is an OCV, R 0 is an internal resistance of the secondary battery, and I[k] is a charging current of the secondary battery.
9 . The apparatus for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 1 ,
wherein the charging control unit is configured to estimate the SOC based on the at least one of the measured voltage value, the measured current value, and the measured temperature value before the start of charging of the secondary battery.
10 . An electric-driven device, comprising the apparatus for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 1 .
11 . The apparatus for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 1 , further comprising:
the charging device configured to apply the charging current of the determined magnitude to the secondary battery.
12 . A method for controlling step charging of a secondary battery, comprising:
(a) measuring at least one of a voltage, a current, and a temperature of the secondary battery;
(b) estimating a state of charge (SOC) of the secondary battery based on at least one of the measured voltage value, the measured current value, and the measured temperature value;
(c) correcting the estimated SOC according to a correction factor determined based on a polarization voltage of the secondary battery;
(d) determining a magnitude of a charging current corresponding to the corrected SOC and the measured temperature value; and
(e) providing information on the determined magnitude of the charging current to a charging device.
13 . The method for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 12 , further comprising:
estimating an open circuit voltage (OCV) of the secondary battery based on the at least one of the measured voltage value, the measured current value, and the measured temperature value, and
determining the polarization voltage of the secondary battery based on at least one of an internal resistance of the secondary battery, the measured current value, and the estimated OCV.
14 . The method for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 12 , further comprising:
determining an OCV deviation based on a difference between the estimated OCV and a predefined OCV value, and
determining the correction factor based on the polarization voltage and the OCV deviation.
15 . The method for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 14 ,
wherein the correction factor is determined to be proportional to the OCV deviation and to be inversely proportional to the polarization voltage.
16 . The method for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 12 , further comprising:
determining a look-up SOC by correcting the estimated SOC according to the correction factor, and
determining the magnitude of a charging current based on the look-up SOC and the measured temperature value.
17 . The method for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 16 ,
wherein the SOC of the secondary battery is periodically estimated based on the at least one of the measured voltage value, the measured current value, and the measured temperature value by using an extended Kalman filter while the secondary battery is in the discharging mode or the sleeping mode, and
wherein the look-up SOC is determined by correcting an SOC estimated just before the start of charging among the plurality of estimated SOCs.
18 . The method for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 12 ,
wherein, in the (b) estimating operation, an OCV corresponding to the estimated SOC is estimated with reference to a predefined correlation between the SOC and the OCV, and
wherein the polarization voltage of the secondary battery is determined based on the estimated OCV.
19 . The method for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 12 ,
wherein in the (c) correcting operation, the polarization voltage is determined according to an equation below:
dV pol [k]=V cell [k]−V OCV [k]−I[k]R 0 ,
where k is a time index, dV pol [k] is a polarization voltage, V cell [k] is a voltage estimated by an extended Kalman filter or a measured voltage, V ocv [k] is an OCV, R 0 is an internal resistance of the secondary battery, and I [k] is a charging current of the secondary battery.
20 . The method for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 12 , further comprising:
estimating the SOC based on the at least one of the measured voltage value, the measured current value, and the measured temperature value before the start of charging of the secondary battery.
21 . The method for controlling step charging of the secondary battery according to claim 12 , further comprising:
applying the charging current of the determined magnitude to the secondary battery.