Simulated surgical system, simulated vessel, and methods of making the same and related components
Simulated anatomical components, such as simulated vascular vessels, produced by a method that includes forming an anatomical component mold from a soluble polymer such that the mold defines an interior void of the simulated anatomical component. One or more layers of an elastomeric material is applied around the anatomical component mold and the material is allowed to cure to form a wall of the simulated anatomical component. At least a portion of the mold is dissolved to form a passage for liquid within the simulated anatomical component. Simulated anatomical components are connectable to other components of a surgical simulation system and can be modularized.
1. A method of producing a simulated vascular vessel, the method comprising:
forming a vascular vessel mold from a soluble polymer, the vascular vessel mold defining an interior void of a vascular vessel for a surgical simulation system;
applying one or more layers of elastomer around the vascular vessel mold to form the simulated vascular vessel;
allowing the one or more layers of elastomer to cure to form a wall of the simulated vascular vessel; and
at least partially dissolving the vascular vessel mold to create a passage for liquid in the simulated vascular vessel, wherein at least a portion of the soluble polymer remains in the passage as a simulated vascular abnormality.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more layers of elastomer includes at least two layers of elastomer and the method further comprises: applying a layer of an elastic mesh fabric between a first one and a second one of the at least two layers of elastomer.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the elastic mesh fabric includes a material selected from the group consisting of a polyester, a polyether-polyurea composition, and any combinations thereof.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the simulated vascular abnormality includes an abnormality selected from the group consisting of a plaque, an embolism, a stenosis, a thrombosis, a calcification, and any combinations thereof.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the elastomer includes an elastomer selected from the group consisting of silicone, a polyurethane rubber, and any combinations thereof.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the soluble polymer includes a soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer, a polyvinyl alcohol, a high-impact polystyrene, an aliphatic rubbery synthetic polymer, and any combinations thereof.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the soluble polymer is a polyvinyl alcohol.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the soluble polymer includes an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the soluble polymer includes a high-impact polystyrene.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the soluble polymer is soluble in a material including a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, acetone, terpene, and any combinations thereof.
11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the soluble polymer is alcohol soluble.
12. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the soluble polymer is acetone soluble.
13. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said forming includes injection molding the vascular vessel mold.
14. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said forming includes printing the vascular vessel mold.
15. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said forming includes creating a vascular abnormality enlargement in the vascular vessel mold and wherein said at least partially dissolving the vascular vessel mold reveals the wall of the simulated vascular vessel with a retained shape of the vascular abnormality enlargement.
16. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the vascular vessel mold forms a vascular bifurcation.
17. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the vascular vessel mold includes an outer surface including textured features, the textured features replicating vessel wall features such that when the vascular vessel mold is at least partially dissolved an interior surface of the wall of the simulated vascular vessel includes at least a portion of the vessel wall features.
18. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
combining the vascular vessel mold with a rod prior to the applying one or more layers of elastomer, wherein the applying one or more layers of elastomer also applies the one or more layers of elastomer around the rod to form the simulated vascular vessel; and
removing the rod after the one or more layers of elastomer have at least partially cured.
19. A method according to claim 17 wherein the rod includes an outer surface including textured features, the textured features replicating vessel wall features such that when the rod is removed an interior surface of the wall of the simulated vascular vessel includes at least a portion of the vessel wall features.