System and methods for implementing regional air transit network using hybrid-electric aircraft
Systems, apparatuses, and methods for overcoming the disadvantages of current air transportation systems that might be used for regional travel by providing a more cost effective and convenient regional air transport system. In some embodiments, the inventive air transport system, operational methods, and associated aircraft include a highly efficient plug-in series hybrid-electric powertrain (specifically optimized for aircraft operating in regional ranges), a forward compatible, range-optimized aircraft design, enabling an earlier impact of electric-based air travel services as the overall transportation system and associated technologies are developed, and platforms for the semi-automated optimization and control of the powertrain, and for the semi-automated optimization of determining the flight path for a regional distance hybrid-electric aircraft flight.
1. A vehicle comprising:
a first power source and a second power source;
a propulsion system;
a power distribution system to selectively provide power to the propulsion system from the first power source or the second power source, or a combination thereof; and
a powertrain optimization and control system, the powertrain optimization and control system comprising:
a pre-mission hybrid energy planner to compute parameters of an energy management plan subject to a cost objective relating at least to expected operating costs for the vehicle to complete a mission; and
a hybrid power manager to, during the mission, generate one or more signals to control operation of the first power source and the second power source, the power distribution system and the propulsion system during the mission such that contributions of the first power source and the second power source for powering the propulsion system are in accordance with the computed parameters of the energy management plan.
2. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein in which the energy management plan specifies selection of an amount of power to be drawn from a stored energy source, and an amount of power to be drawn from a generation power source over portions of the mission.
3. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the first power source comprises at least one energy storage unit, and the second power source comprises at least one range extending generator.
4. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the cost objective is determined based, at least in part, on an operating mode for the vehicle.
5. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the pre-mission hybrid energy planner is utilized further to compute the parameters of an energy management plan which define an energy path for the mission that minimizes a non-linear cost objective, the non-linear cost objective to be defined, at least in part, by a cost of fuel, a cost of stored energy, a cost of maintenance, a cost of crew, a cost of vehicle or cost of emissions, or a combination thereof.
6. The vehicle of claim 3 , wherein the hybrid power manager is communicatively coupled to the at least one range extending generator and the at least one energy storage unit.
7. The vehicle of claim 3 , wherein the hybrid power manager is further to generate one or more signals to control a mix of power to be supplied to the propulsion system from the at least one energy storage unit and at least one range extending generator.
8. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle comprises an aircraft.
9. The vehicle of claim 3 , wherein the parameters of the energy management plan determine an optimized distribution of energy to be supplied by the at least one range extending generator and the at least one energy storage unit over the mission.
10. The vehicle of claim 3 , wherein the powertrain optimization and control system is further to generate signals to at least in part define a unified interface to a pilot for controlling the at least one range extending generator and the at least one energy storage unit.
11. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the hybrid power manager is further to modify an initial energy plan during flight to account for a real time energy usage and flight progress based, at least in part, on the computed parameters and parameters obtained from a flight management system.
12. The vehicle of claim 3 , wherein:
the pre-mission hybrid energy planner is communicatively coupled to the range extending generator and the energy storage unit;
the pre-mission hybrid energy planner is further to determine an energy plan for a flight path that expresses an amount of energy drawn from the energy storage unit and the range extending generator for one or more segments of the mission;
the energy plan is determined based, at least in part, on a quantity of energy stored within the energy storage unit;
the energy plan to provide for sufficient fuel to the range extending generator to complete the mission with a set energy reserve; and
the energy plan sets forth depletion of energy stored within the energy storage unit over fuel for the range extending generator over a course of the mission.
13. The vehicle of claim 3 , wherein:
the range extending generator comprises a gas turbine mechanically coupled to an electric generator; and
the at least one energy storage unit comprises a battery.
14. The vehicle of claim 3 , wherein the at least one range extending generator comprises a fuel cell.
15. A method, at a vehicle comprising: a first power source and a second power source; a propulsion system; a power distribution system to selectively provide power to the propulsion system from the first power source or the second power source, or a combination thereof; and a powertrain optimization and control system, the method comprising:
at a pre-mission hybrid energy planner of the powertrain optimization and control system, computing parameters of an energy management plan subject to a cost objective relating at least to expected operating costs for the vehicle to complete a mission; and
at a hybrid power manager of the powertrain optimization and control system, generate, during the mission, one or more signals to control operation of the first power source and the second power source, the power distribution system and the propulsion system during the mission such that contributions of the first power source and the second power source for powering the propulsion system are in accordance with the computed parameters of the energy management plan.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the first power source comprises at least one energy storage unit, and the second power source comprises at least one range extending generator.
17. The method of claim 16 , and further comprising, at the hybrid power manager, generating control signals to determine a mix of power to be supplied to the propulsion system from the at least one energy storage unit and at least one range extending generator.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the parameters of the energy management plan determine an optimized distribution of energy to be supplied by the at least one range extending generator and the at least one energy storage unit over the mission.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
the pre-mission hybrid energy planner is communicatively coupled to the range extending generator and the energy storage unit; and
the method further comprises:
determining, at the pre-mission hybrid energy planner, an energy plan for a flight path that expresses an amount of energy drawn from the energy storage unit and the range extending generator for one or more segments of the mission, further wherein:
the energy plan is determined based, at least in part, on a quantity of energy stored within the energy storage unit; and
the energy plan sets forth depletion of energy stored within the energy storage unit over fuel for the range extending generator over a course of the mission.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the powertrain optimization and control system is further to generate signals to at least in part define a unified interface to a pilot for controlling the at least one range extending generator and the at least one energy storage unit.
21. The method of claim 15 , and further comprising, at the hybrid power manager, modifying an initial energy plan during flight to account for a real time energy usage and flight progress based, at least in part, on the computed parameters and parameters obtained from a flight management system.