Vector quantizer correction for audio codec system
A method comprises: vector quantizing input vectors representative of audio into an original sequence including indices of codewords of a codebook; generating candidate sequences including the indices of the codewords of the codebook by evaluating, for each candidate sequence, transition costs for transitions between the indices based on (i) transition probabilities of the transitions, and (ii) distances between the codewords represented by the indices and the input vectors that corresponds to the indices; determining a preferred candidate sequence of the candidate sequences to replace the original sequence based on the transition costs for each candidate sequence; and transmitting the preferred candidate sequence in place of the original sequence.
1. A method comprising:
vector quantizing input vectors representative of audio into an original sequence including original indices of codewords of a codebook;
generating candidate sequences including indices of the codewords and that have respective starting transitions from an initial index of the original sequence to respective ones of all possible indices, wherein generating includes evaluating, for each candidate sequence, transition costs for transitions between the indices based on linear combinations of (i) transition probabilities of the transitions, and (ii) distances between the codewords represented by the indices and the input vectors that correspond to the indices;
summing the transition costs for each candidate sequence into a total transition cost, to produce total transition costs for corresponding ones of the candidate sequences;
selecting a preferred candidate sequence of the candidate sequences that has a lowest total transition cost; and
transmitting or storing the preferred candidate sequence in place of the original sequence.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
each linear combination includes subtracting a transition probability from a corresponding distance.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein evaluating includes evaluating, for each candidate sequence, the transition costs for the transitions between each index and each next index based on the transition probabilities of the transitions, and the distances between the codewords represented by each next index and an input vector that corresponds to each next index.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein generating further comprises, for each candidate sequence, determining each next index for each index by:
computing next index transition costs for test transitions from each index to possible next indices for the codewords available in the codebook; and
selecting as each next index a possible next index associated with a lowest next index transition cost.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein:
computing includes computing the next index transition costs based on test transition probabilities of the test transitions that lead from each index to each of the possible next indices and the distances between the codewords represented by the possible next indices and corresponding input vector.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
accessing the transition probabilities from a datastore of predetermined transition probabilities of the transitions from each index of the codewords in the codebook to the indices of all other codewords of the codebook.
7. The method of claim 1 , where evaluating each transition cost includes computing a difference between a first function of a transition probability of a transition and a second function of a distance between a codeword and a corresponding input vector.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the original sequence includes N indices;
the codebook includes M codewords; and
generating includes generating M candidate sequences of N indices.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein evaluating includes evaluating the original sequence as one of the candidate sequences.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating includes generating the candidate sequences incrementally index position-by-index position and performing evaluating at each index position.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating by evaluating includes constructing, incrementally over time, a trellis structure of the indices and the transitions between the indices such that paths through the trellis structure represent the candidate sequences.
12. An apparatus comprising:
a network input/output interface to communicate with a network; and
a processor coupled to the network input/output interface and configured to perform:
vector quantizing input vectors representative of audio into an original sequence including original indices of codewords of a codebook;
generating candidate sequences including indices of the codewords and that have respective starting transitions from an initial index of the original sequence to respective ones of all possible indices, wherein generating includes evaluating, for each candidate sequence, transition costs for transitions between the indices based on a linear combination of (i) transition probabilities of the transitions, and (ii) distances between the codewords represented by the indices and the input vectors that correspond to the indices;
summing the transition costs for each candidate sequence into a total transition cost, to produce total transition costs for corresponding ones of the candidate sequences;
selecting a preferred candidate sequence of the candidate sequences that has a lowest total transition cost; and
transmitting or storing the preferred candidate sequence in place of the original sequence.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein:
each linear combination includes subtracting a transition probability from a corresponding distance.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the processor is further configured to perform evaluating by evaluating, for each candidate sequence, the transition costs for the transitions between each index and each next index based on the transition probabilities of the transitions, and the distances between the codewords represented by each next index and an input vector that corresponds to each next index.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the processor is further configured to perform generating by, for each candidate sequence, determining each next index for each index by:
computing next index transition costs for test transitions from each index to possible next indices for the codewords available in the codebook; and
selecting as each next index a possible next index associated with a lowest next index transition cost.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein:
the processor is further configured to perform computing by computing the next index transition costs based on test transition probabilities of the test transitions that lead from each index to each of the possible next indices and the distances between the codewords represented by the possible next indices and corresponding input vector.
17. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the processor is further configured to perform:
accessing the transition probabilities from a datastore of predetermined transition probabilities of the transitions from each index of the codewords in the codebook to the indices of all other codewords of the codebook.
18. A non-transitory computer medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations including:
vector quantizing input vectors representative of audio into an original sequence including original indices of codewords of a codebook;
generating candidate sequences including indices of the codewords and that have respective starting transitions from an initial index of the original sequence to respective ones of all possible indices, wherein generating includes evaluating, for each candidate sequence, transition costs for transitions between the indices based on a linear combination of (i) transition probabilities of the transitions, and (ii) distances between the codewords represented by the indices and the input vectors that correspond to the indices;
summing the transition costs for each candidate sequence into a total transition cost, to produce total transition costs for corresponding ones of the candidate sequences;
selecting a preferred candidate sequence of the candidate sequences that has a lowest total transition cost; and
transmitting or storing the preferred candidate sequence in place of the original sequence.
19. The non-transitory computer medium of claim 18 , wherein:
each linear combination includes subtracting a transition probability from a corresponding distance.
20. The non-transitory computer medium of claim 18 , wherein the instructions to cause the processor to perform evaluating include instructions to cause the processor to perform evaluating, for each candidate sequence, the transition costs for the transitions between each index and each next index based on the transition probabilities of the transitions, and the distances between the codewords represented by each next index and an input vector that corresponds to each next index.