Tail gas utilization for mixed alcohols production
It has been discovered that mixed-alcohol production can utilize the waste tail gas stream from the pressure-swing adsorption section of an industrial hydrogen plant. Some variations provide a process for producing mixed alcohols, comprising: obtaining a tail-gas stream from a methane-to-syngas unit (e.g., a steam methane reforming reactor); compressing the tail-gas stream; separating the tail-gas stream into at least a syngas stream, a CO 2 -rich stream, and a CH 4 -rich stream; introducing the syngas stream into a mixed-alcohol reactor operated at effective alcohol synthesis conditions in the presence of an alcohol-synthesis catalyst, thereby generating mixed alcohols; and purifying the mixed alcohols to generate a mixed-alcohol product. Other variations provide a process for producing clean syngas, comprising: obtaining a tail-gas stream from a methane-to-syngas unit; compressing the tail-gas stream; separating the tail-gas stream into at least a syngas stream, a CO 2 -rich stream, and a CH 4 -rich stream; and recovering a clean syngas product.
1. A process for producing and using a clean syngas product, said process comprising:
(a) obtaining a tail-gas stream from a methane-to-syngas unit, wherein said tail-gas stream comprises CO 2 , CO, H 2 , and CH 4 ;
(b) compressing said tail-gas stream;
(c) separating said tail-gas stream into at least a syngas stream, a CO 2 -rich stream, and a CH 4 -rich stream;
(d) recovering said syngas stream as a clean syngas product;
(e) converting said clean syngas product to a final product selected from the group consisting of alcohols, aldehydes, olefins, oxygenates, paraffins, linear or branched hydrocarbons, diesel fuel, gasoline, jet fuel, waxes, methane, dimethyl ether, acetic acid, formaldehyde, energy, and combinations thereof, wherein a syngas-utilization off-gas is generated in connection with said converting said clean syngas product to said final product; and
(f) recycling said syngas-utilization off-gas, or a treated form thereof, to step (c).
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said methane-to-syngas unit is a steam reforming reactor, an autothermal reforming reactor, or a partial-oxidation reactor.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said tail-gas stream is an output of a first pressure-swing adsorption unit.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said CO 2 -rich stream is compressed and used in enhanced oil recovery.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said CO 2 -rich stream is sequestered in a geological formation.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein said CH 4 -rich stream is utilized as a fuel for heating said methane-to-syngas unit.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (c) further generates a H 2 -rich stream.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein said H 2 -rich stream is recovered.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein said H 2 -rich stream is combined with hydrogen produced from said methane-to-syngas unit.
10. The process of claim 8 , wherein said H 2 -rich stream is utilized as a fuel for heating said methane-to-syngas unit.
11. The process of claim 8 , wherein said H 2 -rich stream is combined with hydrogen produced from said methane-to-syngas unit, to increase hydrogen production volume.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (c) further generates a N 2 stream that is released to the atmosphere.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (c) utilizes an amine-based system, a cryogenic system, a membrane-separation system, a second pressure-swing adsorption unit, or a combination thereof.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (c) employs a combination of an amine-based unit and a cryogenic unit, in sequential unit operations.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein none of said tail-gas stream is directly combusted to generate heat.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein syngas-utilization off-gas is treated to remove H 2 S prior to recycling to step (c).