Sensing motion in MRI using RF intermodulation
A method of sensing motion in an MRI scanner includes transmitting at least two tones having different frequencies, using intermodulation to combine the two tones, transmitting the two tones as a combined signal during an MRI scan of a patient, receiving the combined signal using a receiver in the MRI scanner, demodulating the combined signal to produce a demodulated signal, and analyzing the demodulated signal to detect motion of the patient during the MRI scan.
1 . A method of sensing motion in an MRI scanner, comprising:
transmitting at least two tones having different frequencies;
mixing the at least two tones using intermodulation to combine the two tones into a combined signal within MRI receiver bandwidth;
transmitting the two tones as the combined signal during an MRI scan of a patient;
receiving the combined signal using a selected receiver coil from one or more existing receiver coils in the MRI scanner;
demodulating the combined signal to produce a demodulated signal; and
analyzing the demodulated signal to detect motion of the patient being scanned during the MRI scan.
2 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixing is passively performed at a preamplifier of the selected receiver coil of the MRI scanner.
3 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixing is performed by a device external to the MRI scanner.
4 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising digitizing the demodulated signal.
5 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein demodulating the combined signal comprises outputting the magnitude and the phase of the combined signal.
6 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein outputting the phase of the combined signal comprises:
selecting one of the receiver coils as a reference coil; and
subtracting a phase of the reference coil from other of the one or more receiver coils to produce the phase output.
7 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising amplifying the combined signal prior to transmitting.
8 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising high-pass filtering the combined signal prior to transmitting.
9 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein transmitting the at least two tones further comprises selecting the at least two tones such that a frequency determined by frequencies of the two tones falls within a receiver bandwidth of the MRI scanner.
10 . The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein a product of the two tones equals a frequency of a first tone multiplied by a first signed integer added to a frequency of a second tone multiplied by a second signed integer.
11 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein receiving the combined signal comprises receiving the combined signal at one of a set of the selected receiver coil, a software-defined radio, or an external radio receiver.
12 . A motion sensing system for a MRI scanner, comprising:
one or more transmitters to generate at least two different frequency tones;
a mixer to mix the at least two different frequency tones using intermodulation to produce a mixed signal having a frequency within a frequency of a receiver of the MRI scanner;
one or more antennas to transmit the mixed signal into a bore of the MRI scanner occupied by a patient;
a receiver in the MRI scanner to receive the mixed signal; and
one or more processors to execute code to analyze the mixed signal to determine patient motion.
13 . The motion sensing system as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the mixer comprises one of a preamplifier or an RF mixer.
14 . The motion sensing system as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the one or more processors resides in the MRI scanner.
15 . The motion sensing system as claimed in claim 12 , wherein at least one of the one or more processors reside in a computer external to the MRI scanner.
16 . The motion sensing system as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the one or more transmitters comprises one of software-defined radios or pure tone generators.
17 . The motion sensing system as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the receiver comprises one of either receiver coils in the MRI scanner, a software-defined radio, or other radio receiver.