Pitch Bearing Condition Monitoring
The disclosure relates to condition monitoring of wind turbine pitch bearings by measuring variations in distance between inner and outer rings of a pitch bearing during an angular rotation. Example embodiments include a method of monitoring a condition of a pitch bearing ( 100 ) of a wind turbine, the pitch bearing comprising a first ring ( 102 ) attached to a blade of the wind turbine and a second ring ( 103 ) attached to a hub of the wind turbine, the method comprising: mounting a displacement sensor ( 105 ) to the pitch bearing ( 100 ) to measure a distance between the first ring ( 102 ) and the second ring ( 103 ); rotating the first ring ( 102 ) relative to the second ring ( 103 ) over an angular range; and recording an angular position ( 204 ) of the first ring ( 102 ) relative to the second ring ( 103 ) and a distance ( 205 a, 205 b ) measured by the displacement sensor ( 105 ) while rotating the first ring ( 103 ) relative to the second ring ( 103 ) over the angular range.
1 . A method of monitoring a condition of a pitch bearing of a wind turbine, the pitch bearing comprising a first ring attached to a blade of the wind turbine and a second ring attached to a hub of the wind turbine, the method comprising:
mounting a displacement sensor to the pitch bearing to measure a distance between the first ring and the second ring;
rotating the first ring relative to the second ring over an angular range; and
recording an angular position of the first ring relative to the second ring and a distance measured by the displacement sensor while rotating the first ring relative to the second ring over the angular range.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first ring is an inner ring and the second ring is an outer ring of the pitch bearing.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the displacement sensor is mounted to measure a distance parallel to a rotational axis of the pitch bearing.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of recording is carried out while a main rotor of the wind turbine is stationary.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the recorded angular position is derived from a measurement of:
a gravity vector;
an elapsed time and a rotation rate; or
a detected position of the second ring relative to the first ring.
6 . The method of claim 1 , comprising determining a variation in the measured distance over the angular range and estimating a condition of the pitch bearing based on the variation.
7 . A method of determining a condition of a pitch bearing of a wind turbine, the pitch bearing comprising a first ring attached to a blade of the wind turbine and a second ring attached to a hub of the wind turbine, the method comprising:
providing a recording of an angular position of the first ring relative to the second ring and a distance between the first ring and the second ring over an angular range;
determining a variation in the distance over the angular range; and
estimating a condition of the pitch bearing based on the variation.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein estimating a condition of the pitch bearing comprises comparing the variation in the measured distance with one or more of:
a previously stored variation in measured distance for the pitch bearing;
a modelled variation in distance for the pitch bearing;
a recorded variation in measured distance for one or more other pitch bearings of the same type.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the one or more other pitch bearings of the same type are part of the same wind turbine and/or another wind turbine.
10 . The method of claim 7 , wherein determining a variation in the measured distance over the angular range comprises determining a quality value from one or more of:
a peak to peak value of the measured displacement over the angular range;
an RMS value of the measured displacement over the angular range;
a measure of deviation from a mean value of the measured displacement over the angular range; and
a kurtosis value of the measured displacement over the angular range.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein estimating a condition of the pitch bearing comprises comparing the quality value to a predetermined threshold value.
12 . The method of claim 11 , comprising providing a notification output if the quality value exceeds the predetermined threshold value.
13 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the method is performed upon being triggered by an event.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the event is time-based or detection of a pitching operation of the pitch bearing.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein pitching operation of the pitch bearing is detected by a rotation sensor configured to detect rotation of the first ring relative to the second ring.
16 . A method of determining a condition of a pitch bearing of a wind turbine, the pitch bearing comprising a first ring attached to a blade of the wind turbine and a second ring attached to a hub of the wind turbine, the method comprising:
monitoring displacement of the first ring in an axial direction with a displacement sensor, the axial direction being parallel to a rotational axis of the pitch bearing;
upon detection of a triggering event, recording the displacement over a set period to provide a recorded displacement;
determining a variation in displacement over time from the recorded displacement; and
estimating a condition of the pitch bearing based on the variation.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the triggering event is one or more of: a time-based event; a measure of rotation of the first ring; and a measure of displacement by the displacement sensor outside a preset threshold.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the set period for recording is defined by a set time period, a number of samples or a measure of rotation of the first ring.
19 . A computer program comprising instructions for causing a computer to perform the method according to claim 7 .
20 . A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon program instructions executable by a processor of a device to cause the device to perform the method according to claim 7 .