Magnetoresistive element and magnetic sensor device having a high sensitivity and low zero-field offset-shift
A magnetoresistive element has a tunnel barrier layer included between a ferromagnetic reference layer having a fixed reference magnetization and a ferromagnetic sense layer having a free sense magnetization. The sense magnetization has a ferromagnetic material composition and a stable vortex configuration in the absence of an applied magnetic field. The ferromagnetic material composition varies across the thickness of the sense layer from a composition with higher magnetization near the tunnel barrier layer to a composition with lower magnetization away from the tunnel barrier layer, such that the sense magnetization and ferromagnetic exchange strength of the sense layer are higher near the tunnel barrier layer than away from the tunnel barrier layer.
1. A magnetoresistive element comprising a tunnel barrier layer included between a ferromagnetic reference layer having a fixed reference magnetization and a ferromagnetic sense layer having a free sense magnetization;
the sense layer comprising a ferromagnetic material composition and a stable vortex configuration in the absence of an applied magnetic field;
the ferromagnetic material composition varies across the thickness of the sense layer from a composition with higher magnetization near the tunnel barrier layer to a composition with lower magnetization away from the tunnel barrier layer, such that the free sense magnetization and ferromagnetic exchange strength of the sense layer are higher near the tunnel barrier layer than away from the tunnel barrier layer,
wherein the free sense magnetization in a first portion of the sense layer near the tunnel barrier layer is at least 30% higher than the free sense magnetization in a second portion of the sense layer away from the tunnel barrier layer;
wherein a concentration of CoFe relative to NiFe is higher in the first portion and lower in the second portion; and
wherein the first portion has a thickness of 75% of the thickness of the sense layer.
2. The magnetoresistive element according to claim 1 , wherein the ferromagnetic material composition comprises a composition gradient across the thickness of the sense layer.
3. The magnetoresistive element according to claim 1 , wherein the sense layer comprises a multilayer structure including a first sublayer, near the tunnel barrier layer and having a composition with higher magnetization, and a second sublayer, away from the tunnel barrier layer and having a composition with lower magnetization.
4. The magnetoresistive element according to claim 3 , wherein the multilayer structure comprises more than two sublayers.
5. The magnetoresistive element according to claim 3 , wherein each of the first and second sublayers has a constant composition across the thickness of the sublayer, said constant composition varying between the different sublayers.
6. The magnetoresistive element according to claim 3 , wherein at least one of the first and second sublayers has a composition that varies across the thickness of the sublayer.
7. The magnetoresistive element according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second portions correspond to a third of the ferromagnetic sense layer thickness.
8. The magnetoresistive element according to claim 1 , wherein the ferromagnetic material composition comprises a CoFe, CoFeB or NiFe based alloy.
9. The magnetoresistive element according to claim 8 , wherein ferromagnetic material composition comprises a CoFe and NiFe-based alloy; and wherein the concentration of CoFe relative to NiFe is higher near the tunnel barrier layer and lower away from the tunnel barrier layer.
10. The magnetoresistive element according to claim 1 , comprising an interface layer between the sense layer and the tunnel barrier layer, the interface layer comprising a CoFe or CoFeB alloy, where B refers to Boron, and having a thickness between 1 nm and 3 nm.
11. Magnetic sensor device comprising a plurality of magnetoresistive elements, each magnetoresistive element comprising a tunnel barrier layer included between a ferromagnetic reference layer having a fixed reference magnetization and a ferromagnetic sense layer having a free sense magnetization;
the sense layer comprising a ferromagnetic material composition and a stable vortex configuration in the absence of an applied magnetic field;
the ferromagnetic material composition varies across the thickness of the sense layer from a composition with higher magnetization near the tunnel barrier layer to a composition with lower magnetization away from the tunnel barrier layer, such that the sense magnetization and ferromagnetic exchange strength of the sense layer are higher near the tunnel barrier layer than away from the tunnel barrier layer;
characterized in that, the free sense magnetization in a first portion of the sense layer near the tunnel barrier layer is at least 30% higher than the free sense magnetization in a second portion of the sense layer away from the tunnel barrier layer;
wherein a concentration of CoFe relative to NiFe is higher in the first portion and lower in the second portion; and
wherein the first portion has a thickness of 75% of the thickness of the sense layer.
12. The magnetic sensor device according to claim 11 , arranged in a half-bridge or a full-bridge configuration.