METHODS OF PRODUCING MEAT ANALOGUE FOOD INGREDIENTS
A method of producing a meat analogue food ingredient. The method includes a downstream process including cultivating bacterial cells to obtain a biomass, separating a liquid phase and a solid phase of the biomass, concentrating the biomass by removing the liquid phase; and drying the biomass to obtain the first protein powder; mixing a first protein powder with a liquid and NaCl to obtain a powder mixture; extruding the powder mixture with high-moisture extrusion; cutting the extruded mixture; and cooling the extruded mixture.
1 . A method of producing a meat analogue food ingredient, the method comprising:
a downstream process comprising
cultivating bacterial cells to obtain a biomass,
separating a liquid phase and a solid phase of the biomass,
concentrating the biomass by removing the liquid phase, and
drying the biomass to obtain the first protein powder;
mixing a first protein powder with a liquid and NaCl to obtain a powder mixture;
extruding the powder mixture with high-moisture extrusion;
cutting the extruded mixture; and
cooling the extruded mixture.
2 . A method according to claim 1 further comprising freezing the extruded mixture.
3 . A method according to claim 1 further comprising adding at least one of selected from at least one second protein powder and at least one soluble fiber to the powder mixture before mixing.
4 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the total weight of the powder mixture comprises:
from 20% up to 40% the first protein powder;
from 20% up to 40% at least one second protein powder;
from 20% up to 40% the water;
from 0.5% up to 1.5% the NaCl; and
from 2% up to 4% the at least one soluble fiber.
5 . A method according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one second protein powder is selected to be at least one of a pea isolate powder, wheat gluten powder, vital wheat gluten powder, soy protein concentrate powder, soy isolate powder.
6 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the powder mixture is mixed in a mixer selected from at least one of a pre-conditioner, a flour mixer, a twin-screw extrusion machine.
7 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein high-moisture extrusion is carried out with following parameters:
torque from 1.0 Nm up to 1.3 Nm;
die pressure from 15 bars up to 18 bars;
die temperature from 140° C. up to 160° C.; and
melting temperature from 135° C. up to 155° C.
8 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid is selected to be at least one of a water, a protein slurry.
9 . A method according to claim 8 , wherein the protein slurry comprises from 90% up to 95% of water, from 1% up to 10% of a third protein powder.
10 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one of selected from the first protein powder and the third protein powder comprises an isolated bacterial strain deposited as VTT-E-193585 or a derivative thereof.
11 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the downstream process further comprises incubating the biomass with a heat treatment at temperature from 55° C. up to 75° ° C. from 15 minutes up to 40 minutes.
12 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the downstream process further comprises homogenizing the bacterial cells of the biomass before drying step.
13 . A method according to claim 12 , wherein the homogenizing is carried out for at least one run at pressure from 800 bars up to 2000 bars or preferably at pressure from 700 bars up to 1000 bars.
14 . A method according to claim 12 further comprising filtering the homogenized bacterial cells of the biomass by at least one of selected from nanofiltration or ultrafiltration.
15 . A method according to claim 12 further comprising adjusting the biomass pH to be from 7.4 up to 8.5 after at least one step of selected from separating the liquid phase or homogenizing.
16 . A method according to claim 12 , wherein the bacterial cells are cultivated by gas fermentation and the feed comprises at least one of selected from CO 2 , CH 4 , H 2 , O 2 , NH 3 , at least one mineral.