Charcoal products made with phenolic resin binder and methods for making thereof
The present disclosure describes compositions (bio-carbon materials) and methods of making compositions that comprise a binder (such as a phenolic binder which may comprise cardanol) and charcoal, preferably in a powder form. The composition may also include an accelerator/catalyst. The binder, charcoal powder, and accelerator may be mixed together, formed (pressurized, rolled, or extruded) and then cured. The resulting composition may be used as a metallurgical reducing agent, processed into anodes for use in the metallurgical industry, used in the construction industry for example as an ingredient in concrete, and as a fuel for cooking.
1 . A bio-carbon material having a compression strength of at least 5 MPa according to the ASTM C39/C39M method comprising:
a charcoal; and
one or more binders;
wherein said one or more binders comprise a phenolic resin;
wherein said phenolic resin is a polymer consisting of one or more phenols and an accelerator and/or catalyst;
wherein said one or more phenols consists essentially of at least one of a cardol, a cardanol, or a combination of both thereof, each derived from cashew nut shell liquid;
wherein said accelerator and/or catalyst is present in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight of the binder; and
wherein said bio-carbon material is 50 to 90% by weight said charcoal.
2 . The bio-carbon material of claim 1 , wherein said accelerator and/or catalyst consists of a formyl-carbon source.
3 . The bio-carbon material of claim 1 , wherein said one or more binders consists of said phenolic resin.
4 . The bio-carbon material of claim 1 , wherein said one or more binders are 5 to 30% by weight of said bio-carbon material.
5 . The bio-carbon material of claim 1 , wherein said bio-carbon material is cured to a temperature above 1000° C. in an inert atmosphere, in order to form one or more anodes that are configured to be suitable for use in a metallurgical industry.
6 . The bio-carbon material of claim 1 , wherein said one or more binders are 2 to 50% by weight of said bio-carbon material.
7 . The bio-carbon material of claim 2 , where said formyl-carbon source is hexamine, formaldehyde, and/or oligomers of polymethylene glycol.
8 . The bio-carbon material of claim 1 , further comprising:
a mineral filler; wherein said mineral filler is 1 to 30% by weight of said bio-carbon material.
9 . The bio-carbon material of claim 1 , wherein said bio-carbon material is configured to be part of a concrete material.
10 . The bio-carbon material of claim 1 , wherein said bio-carbon material is configured to be part of an anode.
11 . A concrete material having a compression strength of at least 30 MPa according to the ASTM C39/C39M, comprising: the bio-carbon material of claim 1 ; and at least one of a sand, a cement, one or more stones, or combinations thereof.
12 . An anode comprising: the bio-carbon material of claim 1 ; wherein said bio-carbon material is heat-treated and formed into said anode.
13 . The bio-carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the phenol does not comprise any epoxy group.
14 . The bio-carbon material of claim 7 , where said oligomers of polymethylene glycol are formalin and/or paraformaldehyde.