Dual-polarization antenna element for generation of millimeter-wave frequency radiation
An example dual-polarization antenna element comprises a radiator layer and a resonator layer. The radiator layer comprises a planar antenna radiator, the planar antenna radiator comprising a split ring, enclosing a dielectric area and having ends separated by a first dielectric gap, and two second radiator sections extending from said ends. The resonator layer comprises a center resonator superimposed with said dielectric area and two offset resonator arrangements. Each offset resonator arrangement is at least partially superimposed with one of said second radiator sections, and each offset resonator arrangement comprises at least one sub-resonator. A feed arrangement is at least partially arranged in said radiator layer or in an additional feed layer.
1 . A dual-polarization antenna element for generation of millimeter-wave frequency radiation, said dual-polarization antenna element comprising:
a radiator layer comprising a planar antenna radiator, said planar antenna radiator configured to generate a radiation field, said radiator layer extending in a first main plane, said planar antenna radiator comprising:
a first radiator section comprising a split ring having a symmetry axis parallel to said first main plane, ends of said split ring being separated by a first dielectric gap and said split ring enclosing a dielectric area; and
two second radiator sections, wherein one of the two second radiator sections extends from each end of said split ring, in said first main plane in directions away from said first dielectric gap;
a resonator layer extending in a second main plane parallel with said first main plane, said resonator layer comprising a center resonator and two offset resonator arrangements, said two offset resonator arrangements being separated from each other, said center resonator between said two offset resonator arrangements, said center resonator being superimposed with said dielectric area and sharing said symmetry axis with said first radiator section, one of said two offset resonator arrangements being at least partially superimposed with one of said two second radiator sections, each offset resonator arrangement comprising at least one sub-resonator; and
a feed arrangement at least partially arranged in said radiator layer or in an additional feed layer, said additional feed layer extending in a third main plane parallel with said first main plane and second main plane.
2 . The dual-polarization antenna element according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one sub-resonator comprises a first sub-resonator and a second sub-resonator, said first sub-resonator having a smaller surface area than said second sub-resonator and being separated from said second sub-resonator by a second dielectric gap.
3 . The dual-polarization antenna element according to claim 2 , wherein said second sub-resonator has an irregular shape, and a width of said second sub-resonator decreases as said second sub-resonator extends in a direction away from said first dielectric gap.
4 . The dual-polarization antenna element according to claim 1 , wherein said dual-polarization antenna element is configured to enable a radiation pattern having a first polarization extending parallel to said symmetry axis and a second polarization extending perpendicular to said symmetry axis.
5 . The dual-polarization antenna element according to claim 4 , wherein said feed arrangement comprises a common-mode feed configured to excite said first polarization, and a differential-mode feed configured to excite said second polarization.
6 . The dual-polarization antenna element according to claim 5 , wherein said common-mode feed is electromagnetically coupled to said first radiator section at said symmetry axis, and said common-mode feed extends at least partially in a direction perpendicular to said symmetry axis.
7 . The dual-polarization antenna element according to claim 5 , wherein said differential-mode feed is electromagnetically coupled to said second radiator sections, said differential-mode feed bridging said first dielectric gap.
8 . The dual-polarization antenna element according to claim 5 , wherein said common-mode feed and said differential-mode feed comprise a feed probe extending along a main feed probe axis, said feed probe being galvanically connected to a coupling element extending within at least one of said radiator layer or said additional feed layer.
9 . The dual-polarization antenna element according to claim 8 , wherein said feed probe of said differential-mode feed comprises a plurality of feed probe sections stacked in a direction of said main feed probe axis, at least one of said feed probe sections being offset in at least one direction transverse to said main feed probe axis.
10 . The dual-polarization antenna element according to claim 9 , wherein said differential-mode feed further comprises a ground probe extending along a main ground probe axis and in parallel with said feed probe, said ground probe comprising a plurality of ground probe sections stacked in a direction of said main ground probe axis, at least one of said ground probe sections being offset in at least one direction transverse to said main ground probe axis.
11 . An antenna arrangement comprising an antenna element, said antenna element comprising:
a radiator layer comprising a planar antenna radiator, said planar antenna radiator configured to generate a radiation field, said radiator layer extending in a first main plane, said planar antenna radiator comprising:
a first radiator section comprising a split ring having a symmetry axis parallel to said first main plane, ends of said split ring being separated by a first dielectric gap and said split ring enclosing a dielectric area; and
two second radiator sections, wherein one of the two second radiator sections extends from each end of said split ring, in said first main plane in directions away from said first dielectric gap;
a resonator layer extending in a second main plane parallel with said first main plane, said resonator layer comprising a center resonator and two offset resonator arrangements, said two offset resonator arrangements being separated from each other, said center resonator between said two offset resonator arrangements, said center resonator being superimposed with said dielectric area and sharing said symmetry axis with said first radiator section, one of said two offset resonator arrangements being at least partially superimposed with one of said two second radiator sections, each offset resonator arrangement comprising at least one sub-resonator;
a feed arrangement at least partially arranged in said radiator layer or in an additional feed layer, said additional feed layer extending in a third main plane parallel with said first main plane and second main plane; and
a substrate and a conductive element separated by a dielectric spacing, said antenna element being arranged within said dielectric spacing, and said feed arrangement being configured to transmit signals to said planar antenna radiator.
12 . The antenna arrangement according to claim 11 , wherein said antenna arrangement further comprises ground walls extending adjacent a periphery of said antenna element, said ground walls extending in a direction perpendicular to the first main plane of said antenna element.
13 . The antenna arrangement according to claim 11 , wherein said antenna element is an end-fire antenna element superimposed with or part of said substrate and is configured to generate a radiation field having a main beam direction across said dielectric spacing.
14 . The antenna arrangement according to claim 13 , wherein said antenna arrangement is an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements, said plurality of antenna elements being aligned in a direction parallel to said first main plane and perpendicular to said main beam direction.
15 . An apparatus comprising:
a display panel, a back cover, a frame element being arranged at least partially between said display panel and said back cover, and an antenna arrangement, said antenna arrangement comprising an antenna element, a substrate, and a conductive element, said substrate and said conductive element being separated by a dielectric spacing, said antenna element comprising:
a radiator layer comprising a planar antenna radiator, said planar antenna radiator configured to generate a radiation field, said radiator layer extending in a first main plane, said planar antenna radiator comprising:
a first radiator section comprising a split ring having a symmetry axis parallel to said first main plane, ends of said split ring being separated by a first dielectric gap and said split ring enclosing a dielectric area; and
two second radiator sections, wherein one of the two second radiator sections extends from each end of said split ring, in said first main plane in directions away from said first dielectric gap;
a resonator layer extending in a second main plane parallel with said first main plane, said resonator layer comprising a center resonator and two offset resonator arrangements, said two offset resonator arrangements being separated from each other, said center resonator between said two offset resonator arrangements, said center resonator being superimposed with said dielectric area and sharing said symmetry axis with said first radiator section, one of said two offset resonator arrangements being at least partially superimposed with one of said two second radiator sections, each offset resonator arrangement comprising at least one sub-resonator; and
a feed arrangement at least partially arranged in said radiator layer or in an additional feed layer, said additional feed layer extending in a third main plane parallel with said first main plane and second main plane;
said antenna element being arranged within said dielectric spacing, and said feed arrangement being configured to transmit signals to said planar antenna radiator;
said frame element being said conductive element; and
said antenna arrangement being configured to emit radiation having a first polarization and a second polarization and propagating towards and past said frame element.
16 . The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein said substrate is a flexible printed circuit enclosed by said display panel, said back cover, and said frame element.
17 . The antenna arrangement according to claim 11 , wherein said at least one sub-resonator comprises a first sub-resonator and a second sub-resonator, said first sub-resonator having a smaller surface area than said second sub-resonator and being separated from said second sub-resonator by a second dielectric gap.
18 . The antenna arrangement according to claim 17 , wherein said second sub-resonator has an irregular shape, and a width of said second sub-resonator decreases as said second sub-resonator extends in a direction away from said first dielectric gap.
19 . The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein said at least one sub-resonator comprises a first sub-resonator and a second sub-resonator, said first sub-resonator having a smaller surface area than said second sub-resonator and being separated from said second sub-resonator by a second dielectric gap.
20 . The apparatus according to claim 19 , wherein said second sub-resonator has an irregular shape, and a width of said second sub-resonator decreases as said second sub-resonator extends in a direction away from said first dielectric gap.