Devices and methods for harvesting kinetic energy
Devices and methods are provided for harvesting kinetic energy. The devices can include a plurality of dielectric elastomeric membranes, a rigid connector rod, and a mountable support base. Membrane layers have a funnel-shape with a narrow opening portion and a wide perimeter portion. Membrane layers are adjacent to other membrane layers having an opposite orientation defined by the narrow opening portion and the wide perimeter portion. The narrow opening portions are coupled to a first end portion of the connector rod. The wide perimeter portions are fixed in relation to the support base. Application of linear force at a second end portion of the connector rod in a first direction causes at least a first membrane layer to stretch. Application of the force in a second direction opposite to the first direction causes at least a second membrane layer adjacent to the first membrane layer to stretch.
1. A kinetic energy harvesting device, the device comprising:
a plurality of dielectric elastomer membrane layers arranged in a stack having a first end and a second end, each membrane layer being funnel-shaped with a narrow opening portion and a wide perimeter portion, each membrane layer being adjacent to another membrane layer having an opposite orientation defined by the narrow opening portion and the wide perimeter portion, each membrane layer being configured to accumulate electrical charge when cyclically stretched and relaxed, and each membrane layer having at least one conical membrane element, each conical membrane element having a pair of outer insulating elements, a pair of electrodes between the pair of outer insulating elements, and a dielectric element between the pair of electrodes;
a rigid connector rod having a longitudinal axis and extending from a first end portion to a second end portion, the narrow opening portions of the membrane layers being coupled to the first end portion of the connector rod, the second end portion of the connector rod extending out from the first end of the stack; and
a mountable support base facing the second end of the stack, the wide perimeter portions of the membrane layers being fixed in relation to the support base;
so that application of linear force at the second end portion of the connector rod in a first direction along the longitudinal axis causes at least a first membrane layer to stretch and application of the force in a second direction opposite to the first direction causes at least a second membrane layer adjacent to the first membrane layer to stretch.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein each membrane layer comprises a plurality of elongated membrane elements, each elongated membrane element of the plurality of elongated membrane elements extending between the narrow opening portion of that membrane layer and the wide perimeter portion of that membrane layer.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein each elongated membrane element comprises a rolled stack, the rolled stack comprising at least two electrodes and a dielectric element between the two electrodes.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the rolled stack comprises a first dielectric element, a first electrode adjacent the first dielectric element, a second dielectric element adjacent the first electrode, and a second electrode adjacent the second dielectric element.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one conical membrane element consists of the pair of outer insulating elements, a pair of electrodes between the pair of outer insulating elements, the pair of dielectric elements between the pair of electrodes, and a single electrode between the pair of dielectric elements, wherein a first dielectric transducer is formed by a first electrode of the pair of electrodes, a first dielectric element of the pair of the dielectric elements, and the single electrode, and a second dielectric transducer is formed by a second electrode of the pair of electrodes, a second dielectric element of the pair of the dielectric elements, and the single electrode.
6. The device of claim 1 further comprising an electrical energy storage component, the electrical energy storage component receiving at least a portion of the electrical charge accumulated by the first membrane layer when force in the second direction is applied and at least a portion of the electrical charge accumulated by the second membrane layer when force in the first direction is applied.
7. The device of claim 1 further comprising a fastener attachable to the second end portion of the connector rod for coupling the second end portion to a physical load.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first end portion of the connector rod passes through the narrow opening portion of each membrane layer of the plurality of membrane layers.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of membrane layers comprises an upper-most membrane layer and a lower-most membrane layer, the connector rod extending out from the upper-most membrane layer, the mountable support base facing the lower-most membrane layer.
10. The device of claim 1 further comprising a rigid frame for maintaining the wide perimeter portions of the membrane layers in fixed relation to the support base.
11. The device of claim 1 further comprising one or more plates connecting adjacent membrane layers of the plurality of membrane layers.
12. The device of claim 11 wherein the one or more plates connect the narrow opening portions of adjacent membrane layers of the plurality of membrane layers.
13. The device of claim 1 further comprising a cover portion for enclosing the plurality of membrane layers, the cover portion having a hole there through for passage of the second end portion of the connector rod, the cover portion being fixable to the mountable support base.
14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the cover portion comprises inner engaging surfaces having a shape complementary to a shape of surfaces of the wide perimeter portions of the membrane layers.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein each membrane layer comprises a single conical membrane element.
16. The device of claim 3 , wherein each of the electrodes are stretchable.
17. The device of claim 9 , wherein the upper-most membrane layer is oriented with the wide perimeter portion upwards.
18. The device of claim 9 , wherein the upper-most membrane layer is oriented with the wide perimeter portion downwards.