Kinetic delay operating system for recoil firearms
A gun includes a kinetic delay to reduce total recoil energy transferred to a shooter and extend the time of the recoil impulse to reduce felt recoil and increase controllability. In one embodiment, a bolt of a gun is longitudinally separated from a bolt carrier of the gun such that there is a delay between firing the gun and the bolt longitudinally impacting the bolt carrier. In one embodiment, the barrel is longitudinally separated from the bolt carrier such that the barrel longitudinally impacts the bolt carrier before the barrel longitudinally impacts a barrel stop of the gun when the gun is fired. In one embodiment, a locking bolt includes a bolt pin extending through a bolt pin slot in the bolt carrier and the bolt pin slot is elongated such that the bolt pin does not contact either end of the bolt pin slot when the gun is cycled.
1 . A gun comprising:
a receiver;
a barrel biased toward a forward position thereof, wherein:
the barrel is configured to move longitudinally rearward relative to the receiver when the gun is fired,
the barrel comprises a muzzle at a forward end thereof, and
the barrel comprises a barrel shoulder rearward of the muzzle;
a barrel stop configured to limit rearward longitudinal travel of the barrel relative to the receiver by contacting the barrel shoulder of the barrel when the barrel moves rearward when the gun is fired;
a bolt biased toward a forward position thereof, wherein:
the bolt is locked up to the barrel when the bolt is in the forward position, and
the bolt travels longitudinally rearward from the forward position with the barrel when the gun is fired until the bolt is unlocked from the barrel; and
a bolt carrier configured to convey the bolt to a rear position of the bolt when the gun is fired and return the bolt to the forward position of the bolt; wherein:
the barrel shoulder is longitudinally separated from the barrel stop by a first predetermined distance when the barrel is in a forward position of the barrel; and
the barrel is longitudinally separated from the bolt carrier by a second predetermined distance less than the first predetermined distance when the bolt carrier is in a forward position thereof and the barrel is in the forward position;
a rear position of the barrel is when the barrel shoulder is against the barrel stop; and
after firing, the bolt locks up to the barrel as the bolt pushes the barrel from the rear position of the barrel to the forward position of the barrel.
2 . The gun of claim 1 , wherein:
the barrel comprises a barrel extension and a barrel tube;
the barrel tube is affixed to the barrel extension when the gun is assembled;
the barrel tube is configured to extend longitudinally forward from the barrel extension; and
the bolt locks up to the barrel extension.
3 . The gun of claim 1 , wherein:
the barrel stop is integral with the receiver; and
when fired, the barrel longitudinally impacts the bolt carrier before the barrel shoulder longitudinally impacts the barrel stop.
4 . The gun of claim 1 , wherein:
the bolt comprises a cam pin extending radially outward from the bolt; and
the bolt carrier comprises a helical cam pin slot configured to receive the cam pin and rotate the bolt during cycling of the gun to unlock and lock the bolt to the barrel, said helical cam pin slot extending longitudinally beyond the cam pin such that the cam pin does not contact a front or a rear of the helical cam pin slot.
5 . The gun of claim 1 , wherein:
the gun further comprises an action spring configured to bias the bolt carrier forward which biases the bolt to the forward position of the bolt and the barrel to the forward position of the barrel.
6 . The gun of claim 1 , wherein:
prior to firing the gun, the bolt is in the forward position thereof;
prior to firing the gun, the bolt carrier is in the forward position thereof; and
prior to firing the gun, the barrel is in the forward position thereof.
7 . The gun of claim 1 , wherein:
the gun further comprises a trigger configured to receive input from a user to fire the gun; and
the gun will only fire in response to receiving input from the user at the trigger when a round of ammunition is in the barrel and the bolt is in the forward position.
8 . The gun of claim 1 , wherein:
the gun further comprises a magazine configured to provide a round of ammunition to the barrel when the gun is fired; and
the gun further comprises a butt stock extending rearward from the receiver when the gun is assembled.
9 . A gun comprising:
a receiver;
a barrel biased toward a forward position thereof, wherein:
the barrel is configured to move longitudinally rearward relative to the receiver when the gun is fired,
the barrel comprises a muzzle at a forward end thereof, and
the barrel comprises a barrel shoulder rearward of the muzzle;
a barrel stop configured to limit rearward longitudinal travel of the barrel relative to the receiver by contacting the barrel shoulder of the barrel when the barrel moves rearward when the gun is fired;
a bolt biased toward a forward position thereof, wherein:
the bolt engages the barrel when the bolt is in the forward position, and
the bolt travels longitudinally rearward from the forward position with the barrel when the gun is fired until the bolt disengages from the barrel; and
a bolt carrier configured to convey the bolt to a rear position of the bolt when the gun is fired and return the bolt to the forward position of the bolt; wherein:
the barrel shoulder is longitudinally separated from the barrel stop by a first predetermined distance when the barrel is in a forward position of the barrel;
the barrel is longitudinally separated from the bolt carrier by a second predetermined distance less than the first predetermined distance when the bolt carrier is in a forward position thereof and the barrel is in the forward position;
a rear position of the barrel is when the barrel shoulder is against the barrel stop; and
after firing, the bolt engages the barrel as the barrel moves from the rear position of the barrel to the forward position of the barrel.
10 . The gun of claim 9 , wherein:
the bolt comprises a cam pin extending radially outward from the bolt; and
the bolt carrier comprises a helical cam pin slot configured to receive the cam pin and rotate the bolt during cycling of the gun to unlock and lock the bolt to the barrel, said helical cam pin slot extending longitudinally beyond the cam pin such that the cam pin does not contact a front or a rear of the helical cam pin slot.
11 . The gun of claim 9 , wherein:
the barrel comprises a barrel extension and a barrel tube;
the barrel tube is affixed to the barrel extension when the gun is assembled;
the barrel tube is configured to extend longitudinally forward from the barrel extension; and
the bolt engages the barrel extension.
12 . The gun of claim 11 , wherein the bolt locks up to the barrel extension.
13 . The gun of claim 9 , wherein:
the barrel stop is integral with the receiver; and
when fired, the bolt longitudinally impacts the bolt carrier before the barrel shoulder longitudinally impacts the barrel stop.
14 . The gun of claim 9 , wherein:
the gun further comprises an action spring configured to bias the bolt carrier forward which biases the bolt to the forward position of the bolt and the barrel to the forward position of the barrel.
15 . The gun of claim 14 , wherein:
the gun further comprises a bolt spring configured to bias the bolt longitudinally forward relative to the bolt carrier.
16 . The gun of claim 9 , wherein:
prior to firing the gun, the bolt is in the forward position thereof;
prior to firing the gun, the bolt carrier is in the forward position thereof; and
prior to firing the gun, the barrel is in the forward position thereof.
17 . The gun of claim 9 , wherein:
the gun further comprises a trigger configured to receive input from a user to fire the gun;
the gun will only fire in response to receiving input from the user at the trigger when a round of ammunition is in the barrel and the bolt is in the forward position;
the gun further comprises a magazine configured to provide a round of ammunition to the barrel when the gun is fired; and
the gun further comprises a butt stock extending rearward from the receiver when the gun is assembled.