Scintillation crystal including a co-doped rare earth silicate, a radiation detection apparatus including the scintillation crystal, and a process of forming the same
A scintillation crystal can include a rare earth silicate, an activator, and a Group 2 co-dopant. In an embodiment, the Group 2 co-dopant concentration may not exceed 200 ppm atomic in the crystal or 0.25 at % in the melt before the crystal is formed. The ratio of the Group 2 concentration/activator atomic concentration can be in a range of 0.4 to 2.5. In another embodiment, the scintillation crystal may have a decay time no greater than 40 ns, and in another embodiment, have the same or higher light output than another crystal having the same composition except without the Group 2 co-dopant. In a further embodiment, a boule can be grown to a diameter of at least 75 mm and have no spiral or very low spiral and no cracks. The scintillation crystal can be used in a radiation detection apparatus and be coupled to a photosensor.
1. A scintillation crystal comprising a rare earth silicate, a first dopant, and a second dopant,
wherein:
the first dopant is an activator;
the second dopant includes a Group 2 element, and wherein the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 40 ns, wherein the Group 2 element has a second atomic concentration does not exceed 200 ppm atomic based on a total rare earth content of the scintillation crystal.
2. The scintillation crystal of claim 1 , wherein the second atomic concentration is at least 8 ppm atomic based on the total rare earth content of the scintillation crystal.
3. The scintillation crystal of claim 1 , wherein the scintillation crystal has a decay time of at least 15 ns and no greater than 38 ns.
4. The scintillation crystal of claim 1 , wherein the second atomic concentration is at least 20 atomic ppm based on the total rare earth content in the scintillation crystal.
5. The scintillation crystal of claim 1 , wherein the first dopant is Ce, Pr, Tb, or any combination thereof.
6. The scintillation crystal of claim 1 , wherein a first atomic concentration in the scintillation crystal is at least 20 atomic ppm based on the total rare earth content in the scintillation crystal.
7. The scintillation crystal of claim 1 , wherein the Group 2 element is selected from a group consisting of Ca, Mg, and Sr.
8. The scintillation crystal of claim 7 , wherein the Group 2 element is Ca.
9. The scintillation crystal of claim 7 , wherein the second atomic concentration is between 8 ppm and 160 ppm atomic based on the total rare earth content of the scintillation crystal.
10. The scintillation crystal of claim 1 , wherein the second atomic concentration in the scintillation crystal is no greater than 150 atomic ppm based on the total rare earth content in the scintillation crystal.
11. A radiation detection apparatus comprising:
the scintillation crystal of claim 1 ; and
a photosensor optically coupled to the scintillation crystal.