Sulfonation method for efficient scale-up synthesis of janus carbon nanomaterials from biomass waste
A method of preparing an enhanced oil recovery composition includes carbonizing a biomass waste material to provide carbon microparticles, functionalizing the carbon microparticles with a SO 3 -containing gas such that the carbon microparticles include a hydrophilic surface, and grinding the carbon microparticles to provide carbon nanoparticles. The carbon nanoparticles include a hydrophilic surface and a hydrophobic surface. A method of enhanced oil recovery includes introducing an enhanced oil recovery composition including a carbon nanoparticle functionalized with a SO 3 -containing gas and including a hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface into a hydrocarbon-bearing formation. The method includes displacing hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon-bearing formation and recovering the hydrocarbons.
1. A method of preparing an enhanced oil recovery composition comprising:
carbonizing a biomass waste material to provide carbon microparticles;
functionalizing the carbon microparticles with a SO 3 -containing gas such that the carbon microparticles comprise a hydrophilic surface; and
grinding the functionalized carbon microparticles to provide carbon nanoparticles, wherein the carbon nanoparticles comprise a hydrophilic surface and a hydrophobic surface.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing the carbon nanoparticles with an aqueous-based fluid to provide an enhanced oil recovery fluid.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the aqueous-based fluid is water, seawater, or brine.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the aqueous-based fluid comprises one or more additives selected from a group consisting of surfactant, stabilizers, and combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
introducing the enhanced oil recovery fluid into a hydrocarbon-bearing formation;
displacing hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon-bearing formation; and
recovering the hydrocarbons.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the carbon nanoparticles are present in the enhanced oil recovery fluid in an amount ranging from 0.001 to 3.0 wt %.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass waste material comprises a biomass waste selected from a group consisting of seaweed, algae, coffee, tea leaves, fruit peels, shells of nuts, and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass waste material comprises a molecule selected from a group consisting of starch, chitin, lignin, cellulose, and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein carbonizing the biomass waste material comprises heating the biomass waste material at a temperature of a range of 300 to 550° C. for a period of 15 to 60 minutes under an inert atmosphere.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon microparticles have an average particle size ranging from 5 to 500 μm.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein functionalizing the carbon microparticles with the SO 3 -containing gas comprises heating the carbon microparticles at a temperature in a range of 20 to 80° C.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein functionalizing the carbon microparticles further comprises supplying the SO 3 -containing gas at a flow rate in a range of 0.1 to 2 mL/min.
13. The method of claim 11 , where functionalizing the carbon microparticles with the SO 3 -containing gas further comprises heating for an amount of time ranging from 15 to 50 minutes.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic surface functionality is a sulfonate.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein grinding the carbon microparticles comprises ball milling the carbon microparticles for a time period of 0.5 to 8 hours with a speed of 2000 to 4000 rpm (rotations per minute).
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanoparticles have an average particle size ranging from 10 to 2,000 nm.